COMPLEX(7)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		    COMPLEX(7)



NAME
       complex - basics of complex mathematics

SYNOPSIS
       #include <complex.h>

DESCRIPTION
       Complex	numbers	 are  numbers of the form z = a+b*i, where a and b are
       real numbers and i = sqrt(-1), so that i*i = -1.
       There are other ways to represent that number.  The pair (a,b) of  real
       numbers	may be viewed as a point in the plane, given by X- and Y-coor-
       dinates.	 This same point may also be described by giving the  pair  of
       real  numbers (r,phi), where r is the distance to the origin O, and phi
       the angle between the X-axis and the line Oz.  Now z =  r*exp(i*phi)  =
       r*(cos(phi)+i*sin(phi)).

       The basic operations are defined on z = a+b*i and w = c+d*i as:

       addition: z+w = (a+c) + (b+d)*i

       multiplication: z*w = (a*c - b*d) + (a*d + b*c)*i

       division: z/w = ((a*c + b*d)/(c*c + d*d)) + ((b*c - a*d)/(c*c + d*d))*i

       Nearly  all math function have a complex counterpart but there are some
       complex-only functions.

EXAMPLE
       Your C-compiler can work with complex numbers if it  supports  the  C99
       standard.  Link with -lm.  The imaginary unit is represented by I.

       /* check that exp(i * pi) == -1 */
       #include <math.h>	/* for atan */
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <complex.h>

       int
       main(void)
       {
	   double pi = 4 * atan(1.0);
	   double complex z = cexp(I * pi);
	   printf("%f + %f * i\n", creal(z), cimag(z));
       }

SEE ALSO
       cabs(3),	 cacos(3),  cacosh(3), carg(3), casin(3), casinh(3), catan(3),
       catanh(3), ccos(3), ccosh(3),  cerf(3),	cexp(3),  cexp2(3),  cimag(3),
       clog(3),	 clog10(3),  clog2(3),	conj(3),  cpow(3), cproj(3), creal(3),
       csin(3), csinh(3), csqrt(3), ctan(3), ctanh(3)

COLOPHON
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       description  of	the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest	 version    of	  this	  page,	   can	   be	  found	    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.



				  2011-09-16			    COMPLEX(7)