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KRB5.CONF(5)			 MIT Kerberos			  KRB5.CONF(5)



NAME
       krb5.conf - Kerberos configuration file

       The krb5.conf file contains Kerberos configuration information, includ-
       ing the locations of KDCs and admin servers for the Kerberos realms  of
       interest, defaults for the current realm and for Kerberos applications,
       and mappings of hostnames onto Kerberos realms.	Normally,  you	should
       install	your  krb5.conf	 file in the directory /etc.  You can override
       the default location by setting the environment	variable  KRB5_CONFIG.
       Multiple colon-separated filenames may be specified in KRB5_CONFIG; all
       files which are present will be read.  Starting in release 1.14, direc-
       tory  names  can also be specified in KRB5_CONFIG; all files within the
       directory  whose	 names	consist	 solely	 of  alphanumeric  characters,
       dashes, or underscores will be read.

STRUCTURE
       The  krb5.conf file is set up in the style of a Windows INI file.  Sec-
       tions are headed by the section name, in square brackets.  Each section
       may contain zero or more relations, of the form:

	  foo = bar

       or:

	  fubar = {
	      foo = bar
	      baz = quux
	  }

       Placing	a  '*'	at  the end of a line indicates that this is the final
       value for the tag.  This means that neither the remainder of this  con-
       figuration  file	 nor  any other configuration file will be checked for
       any other values for this tag.

       For example, if you have the following lines:

	  foo = bar*
	  foo = baz

       then the second value of foo (baz) would never be read.

       The krb5.conf file can include other files using either of the  follow-
       ing directives at the beginning of a line:

	  include FILENAME
	  includedir DIRNAME

       FILENAME	 or  DIRNAME  should  be  an  absolute path. The named file or
       directory must exist and be readable.  Including a  directory  includes
       all  files  within the directory whose names consist solely of alphanu-
       meric characters, dashes, or underscores.  Starting  in	release	 1.15,
       files  with  names ending in ".conf" are also included, unless the name
       begins with ".".	 Included profile files are syntactically  independent
       of  their  parents,  so	each  included	file must begin with a section
       header.	Starting in release  1.17,  files  are	read  in  alphanumeric
       order; in previous releases, they may be read in any order.

       The  krb5.conf  file  can specify that configuration should be obtained
       from a loadable module, rather than the file itself, using the  follow-
       ing directive at the beginning of a line before any section headers:

	  module MODULEPATH:RESIDUAL

       MODULEPATH  may	be  relative to the library path of the krb5 installa-
       tion, or it may be an absolute path.  RESIDUAL is provided to the  mod-
       ule  at	initialization	time.	If  krb5.conf uses a module directive,
       kdc.conf(5) should also use one if it exists.

SECTIONS
       The krb5.conf file may contain the following sections:

		    +---------------+----------------------------+
		    |[libdefaults]  | Settings used by the  Ker- |
		    |		    | beros V5 library		 |
		    +---------------+----------------------------+
		    |[realms]	    | Realm-specific	 contact |
		    |		    | information and settings	 |
		    +---------------+----------------------------+
		    |[domain_realm] | Maps server  hostnames  to |
		    |		    | Kerberos realms		 |
		    +---------------+----------------------------+
		    |[capaths]	    | Authentication  paths  for |
		    |		    | non-hierarchical		 |
		    |		    | cross-realm		 |
		    +---------------+----------------------------+
		    |[appdefaults]  | Settings used by some Ker- |
		    |		    | beros V5 applications	 |
		    +---------------+----------------------------+
		    |[plugins]	    | Controls	 plugin	  module |
		    |		    | registration		 |
		    +---------------+----------------------------+

       Additionally,  krb5.conf	 may include any of the relations described in
       kdc.conf(5), but it is not a recommended practice.

   [libdefaults]
       The libdefaults section may contain any of the following relations:

       allow_weak_crypto
	      If this flag is set to false, then  weak	encryption  types  (as
	      noted  in	 Encryption_types in kdc.conf(5)) will be filtered out
	      of the  lists  default_tgs_enctypes,  default_tkt_enctypes,  and
	      permitted_enctypes.   The	 default  value for this tag is false,
	      which may cause authentication failures in existing Kerberos in-
	      frastructures  that  do  not  support  strong  crypto.  Users in
	      affected environments should set this tag to  true  until	 their
	      infrastructure adopts stronger ciphers.

       ap_req_checksum_type
	      An integer which specifies the type of AP-REQ checksum to use in
	      authenticators.  This variable should be unset so the  appropri-
	      ate  checksum  for the encryption key in use will be used.  This
	      can be set if backward compatibility requires a specific	check-
	      sum  type.   See	the kdc_req_checksum_type configuration option
	      for the possible values and their meanings.

       canonicalize
	      If this flag is set to true, initial ticket requests to the  KDC
	      will  request canonicalization of the client principal name, and
	      answers with different  client  principals  than	the  requested
	      principal will be accepted.  The default value is false.

       ccache_type
	      This  parameter  determines the format of credential cache types
	      created by kinit(1) or other programs.  The default value is  4,
	      which represents the most current format.	 Smaller values can be
	      used for compatibility with very old implementations of Kerberos
	      which interact with credential caches on the same host.

       clockskew
	      Sets  the	 maximum allowable amount of clockskew in seconds that
	      the library will tolerate before assuming that a	Kerberos  mes-
	      sage is invalid.	The default value is 300 seconds, or five min-
	      utes.

	      The clockskew setting is also used when evaluating ticket	 start
	      and  expiration  times.	For example, tickets that have reached
	      their expiration time can still be used (and renewed if they are
	      renewable tickets) if they have been expired for a shorter dura-
	      tion than the clockskew setting.

       default_ccache_name
	      This relation specifies  the  name  of  the  default  credential
	      cache.   The  default is FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_%{uid}.	 This relation
	      is subject to parameter expansion (see below).  New  in  release
	      1.11.

       default_client_keytab_name
	      This  relation  specifies	 the  name  of	the default keytab for
	      obtaining client credentials.   The  default  is	FILE:/var/ker-
	      beros/krb5/user/%{euid}/client.keytab.  This relation is subject
	      to parameter expansion (see below).  New in release 1.11.

       default_keytab_name
	      This relation specifies the default keytab name to  be  used  by
	      application    servers   such   as   sshd.    The	  default   is
	      FILE:/etc/krb5.keytab.  This relation is	subject	 to  parameter
	      expansion (see below).

       default_realm
	      Identifies  the  default Kerberos realm for the client.  Set its
	      value to your Kerberos realm.  If this value is not set, then  a
	      realm  must  be  specified  with	every  Kerberos principal when
	      invoking programs such as kinit(1).

       default_tgs_enctypes
	      Identifies the supported list of session	key  encryption	 types
	      that  the	 client should request when making a TGS-REQ, in order
	      of preference from highest to lowest.  The list may be delimited
	      with  commas or whitespace.  See Encryption_types in kdc.conf(5)
	      for a list of the accepted values for  this  tag.	  The  default
	      value    is    aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96   aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96
	      des3-cbc-sha1   arcfour-hmac-md5	 camellia256-cts-cmac	camel-
	      lia128-cts-cmac  des-cbc-crc  des-cbc-md5	 des-cbc-md4, but sin-
	      gle-DES encryption types will be implicitly  removed  from  this
	      list if the value of allow_weak_crypto is false.

	      Do  not  set this unless required for specific backward compati-
	      bility purposes;	stale  values  of  this	 setting  can  prevent
	      clients  from taking advantage of new stronger enctypes when the
	      libraries are upgraded.

       default_tkt_enctypes
	      Identifies the supported list of session	key  encryption	 types
	      that  the	 client should request when making an AS-REQ, in order
	      of preference from highest to lowest.  The format is the same as
	      for  default_tgs_enctypes.   The	default	 value for this tag is
	      aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96  aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96	 des3-cbc-sha1
	      arcfour-hmac-md5	  camellia256-cts-cmac	  camellia128-cts-cmac
	      des-cbc-crc des-cbc-md5 des-cbc-md4, but	single-DES  encryption
	      types  will be implicitly removed from this list if the value of
	      allow_weak_crypto is false.

	      Do not set this unless required for specific  backward  compati-
	      bility  purposes;	 stale	values	of  this  setting  can prevent
	      clients from taking advantage of new stronger enctypes when  the
	      libraries are upgraded.

       dns_canonicalize_hostname
	      Indicate whether name lookups will be used to canonicalize host-
	      names for use in service principal names.	 Setting this flag  to
	      false  can  improve  security  by	 reducing reliance on DNS, but
	      means  that  short  hostnames  will  not	be  canonicalized   to
	      fully-qualified hostnames.  The default value is true.

       dns_lookup_kdc
	      Indicate	whether	 DNS  SRV records should be used to locate the
	      KDCs and other servers for a realm, if they are  not  listed  in
	      the  krb5.conf  information  for	the  realm.   (Note  that  the
	      admin_server entry must be in the krb5.conf realm information in
	      order  to	 contact  kadmind,  because the DNS implementation for
	      kadmin is incomplete.)

	      Enabling this option does open up a  type	 of  denial-of-service
	      attack,  if  someone spoofs the DNS records and redirects you to
	      another server.  However, it's no worse than a  denial  of  ser-
	      vice,  because  that  fake KDC will be unable to decode anything
	      you send it (besides the initial ticket request,	which  has  no
	      encrypted	 data),	 and  anything	the fake KDC sends will not be
	      trusted without verification using some  secret  that  it	 won't
	      know.

       dns_uri_lookup
	      Indicate	whether	 DNS  URI records should be used to locate the
	      KDCs and other servers for a realm, if they are  not  listed  in
	      the  krb5.conf  information for the realm.  SRV records are used
	      as a fallback if no URI records were found.  The	default	 value
	      is true.	New in release 1.15.

       err_fmt
	      This  relation allows for custom error message formatting.  If a
	      value is set, error messages will be formatted by substituting a
	      normal  error  message  for  %M  and an error code for %C in the
	      value.

       extra_addresses
	      This allows a computer to use multiple local addresses, in order
	      to  allow	 Kerberos  to  work  in a network that uses NATs while
	      still using address-restricted tickets.  The addresses should be
	      in  a  comma-separated list.  This option has no effect if noad-
	      dresses is true.

       forwardable
	      If this flag is true, initial tickets  will  be  forwardable  by
	      default, if allowed by the KDC.  The default value is false.

       ignore_acceptor_hostname
	      When  accepting  GSSAPI or krb5 security contexts for host-based
	      service principals, ignore any hostname passed  by  the  calling
	      application,  and	 allow	clients to authenticate to any service
	      principal in the keytab matching the service name and realm name
	      (if  given).   This option can improve the administrative flexi-
	      bility of server applications on	multihomed  hosts,  but	 could
	      compromise  the  security	 of virtual hosting environments.  The
	      default value is false.  New in release 1.10.

       k5login_authoritative
	      If this flag is true, principals	must  be  listed  in  a	 local
	      user's k5login file to be granted login access, if a .k5login(5)
	      file exists.  If this flag is false, a principal	may  still  be
	      granted  login access through other mechanisms even if a k5login
	      file exists but does not list the principal.  The default	 value
	      is true.

       k5login_directory
	      If  set,	the  library will look for a local user's k5login file
	      within the named directory, with a filename corresponding to the
	      local  username.	 If not set, the library will look for k5login
	      files in the user's home directory, with the filename  .k5login.
	      For  security reasons, .k5login files must be owned by the local
	      user or by root.

       kcm_mach_service
	      On OS X only, determines the name of the bootstrap service  used
	      to contact the KCM daemon for the KCM credential cache type.  If
	      the value is -, Mach RPC will not be used	 to  contact  the  KCM
	      daemon.  The default value is org.h5l.kcm.

       kcm_socket
	      Determines the path to the Unix domain socket used to access the
	      KCM daemon for the KCM credential cache type.  If the  value  is
	      -,  Unix domain sockets will not be used to contact the KCM dae-
	      mon.  The default value is /var/run/.heim_org.h5l.kcm-socket.

       kdc_default_options
	      Default KDC options (Xored for multiple values) when  requesting
	      initial	tickets.    By	 default   it  is  set	to  0x00000010
	      (KDC_OPT_RENEWABLE_OK).

       kdc_timesync
	      Accepted values for this relation are 1 or 0.  If it is nonzero,
	      client  machines	will compute the difference between their time
	      and the time returned by the KDC in the timestamps in the	 tick-
	      ets and use this value to correct for an inaccurate system clock
	      when requesting service tickets or authenticating	 to  services.
	      This  corrective factor is only used by the Kerberos library; it
	      is not used to change the system clock.  The default value is 1.

       kdc_req_checksum_type
	      An integer which specifies the type of checksum to use  for  the
	      KDC  requests,  for  compatibility with very old KDC implementa-
	      tions.  This value is only used for DES keys; other keys use the
	      preferred checksum type for those keys.

	      The possible values and their meanings are as follows.

			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |1	  | CRC32		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |2	  | RSA MD4		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |3	  | RSA MD4 DES		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |4	  | DES CBC		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |7	  | RSA MD5		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |8	  | RSA MD5 DES		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |9	  | NIST SHA		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+
			    |12	  | HMAC SHA1 DES3	       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+



			    |-138 | Microsoft  MD5 HMAC check- |
			    |	  | sum type		       |
			    +-----+----------------------------+

       noaddresses
	      If this flag is true, requests for initial tickets will  not  be
	      made  with  address restrictions set, allowing the tickets to be
	      used across NATs.	 The default value is true.

       permitted_enctypes
	      Identifies all encryption types that are permitted  for  use  in
	      session  key  encryption.	  The  default	value  for this tag is
	      aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96  aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96	 des3-cbc-sha1
	      arcfour-hmac-md5	  camellia256-cts-cmac	  camellia128-cts-cmac
	      des-cbc-crc des-cbc-md5 des-cbc-md4, but	single-DES  encryption
	      types  will be implicitly removed from this list if the value of
	      allow_weak_crypto is false.

       plugin_base_dir
	      If set, determines the base directory  where  krb5  plugins  are
	      located.	 The default value is the krb5/plugins subdirectory of
	      the krb5 library directory.

       preferred_preauth_types
	      This allows you to set  the  preferred  preauthentication	 types
	      which  the client will attempt before others which may be adver-
	      tised by a KDC.  The default value for this setting is "17,  16,
	      15,  14", which forces libkrb5 to attempt to use PKINIT if it is
	      supported.

       proxiable
	      If this flag is true,  initial  tickets  will  be	 proxiable  by
	      default, if allowed by the KDC.  The default value is false.

       rdns   If  this flag is true, reverse name lookup will be used in addi-
	      tion to forward name lookup to canonicalizing hostnames for  use
	      in service principal names.  If dns_canonicalize_hostname is set
	      to false, this flag has no effect.  The default value is true.

       realm_try_domains
	      Indicate whether a host's domain components should  be  used  to
	      determine	 the  Kerberos	realm  of the host.  The value of this
	      variable is an integer: -1 means not to search, 0 means  to  try
	      the host's domain itself, 1 means to also try the domain's imme-
	      diate parent, and so forth.  The library's usual	mechanism  for
	      locating	Kerberos  realms is used to determine whether a domain
	      is  a  valid  realm,  which  may	involve	 consulting   DNS   if
	      dns_lookup_kdc is set.  The default is not to search domain com-
	      ponents.

       renew_lifetime
	      (duration string.)  Sets the default renewable lifetime for ini-
	      tial ticket requests.  The default value is 0.

       safe_checksum_type
	      An  integer  which specifies the type of checksum to use for the
	      KRB-SAFE requests.  By default it is set to  8  (RSA  MD5	 DES).
	      For  compatibility  with applications linked against DCE version
	      1.1 or earlier Kerberos libraries, use a value of 3 to  use  the
	      RSA  MD4	DES  instead.  This field is ignored when its value is
	      incompatible with the session key type.  See the	kdc_req_check-
	      sum_type	configuration option for the possible values and their
	      meanings.

       ticket_lifetime
	      (duration string.)  Sets the default lifetime for initial ticket
	      requests.	 The default value is 1 day.

       udp_preference_limit
	      When  sending  a	message to the KDC, the library will try using
	      TCP before UDP if the size of the message is  above  udp_prefer-
	      ence_limit.    If	  the  message	is  smaller  than  udp_prefer-
	      ence_limit, then UDP will be tried before	 TCP.	Regardless  of
	      the  size,  both	protocols  will	 be tried if the first attempt
	      fails.

       verify_ap_req_nofail
	      If this flag is true, then an attempt to verify initial  creden-
	      tials  will  fail	 if the client machine does not have a keytab.
	      The default value is false.

   [realms]
       Each tag in the [realms] section of the file is the name of a  Kerberos
       realm.  The value of the tag is a subsection with relations that define
       the properties of that particular realm.	 For each realm, the following
       tags may be specified in the realm's subsection:

       admin_server
	      Identifies  the host where the administration server is running.
	      Typically, this is the master Kerberos server.  This tag must be
	      given a value in order to communicate with the kadmind(8) server
	      for the realm.

       auth_to_local
	      This tag allows you to set a general rule for mapping  principal
	      names  to	 local user names.  It will be used if there is not an
	      explicit mapping for the principal name  that  is	 being	trans-
	      lated. The possible values are:

	      RULE:exp
		     The local name will be formulated from exp.

		     The    format   for   exp	 is   [n:string](regexp)s/pat-
		     tern/replacement/g.  The integer  n  indicates  how  many
		     components	 the  target  principal	 should have.  If this
		     matches, then a string will be formed from	 string,  sub-
		     stituting	the realm of the principal for $0 and the n'th
		     component of the principal for $n (e.g., if the principal
		     was  johndoe/admin	 then  [2:$2$1foo] would result in the
		     string adminjohndoefoo).  If this string matches  regexp,
		     then the s//[g] substitution command will be run over the
		     string.  The optional g will cause the substitution to be
		     global  over  the	string,	 instead of replacing only the
		     first match in the string.

	      DEFAULT
		     The principal name will be used as the local  user	 name.
		     If the principal has more than one component or is not in
		     the default realm, this rule is not  applicable  and  the
		     conversion will fail.

	      For example:

		 [realms]
		     ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
			 auth_to_local = RULE:[2:$1](johndoe)s/^.*$/guest/
			 auth_to_local = RULE:[2:$1;$2](^.*;admin$)s/;admin$//
			 auth_to_local = RULE:[2:$2](^.*;root)s/^.*$/root/
			 auto_to_local = DEFAULT
		     }

	      would  result in any principal without root or admin as the sec-
	      ond component to be translated with the default rule.  A princi-
	      pal  with a second component of admin will become its first com-
	      ponent.  root will be used as the local name for	any  principal
	      with  a  second  component  of root.  The exception to these two
	      rules are any principals johndoe/*, which will  always  get  the
	      local name guest.

       auth_to_local_names
	      This subsection allows you to set explicit mappings from princi-
	      pal names to local user names.  The tag is the mapping name, and
	      the value is the corresponding local user name.

       default_domain
	      This  tag	 specifies  the	 domain	 used to expand hostnames when
	      translating Kerberos 4 service principals to Kerberos 5  princi-
	      pals  (for  example, when converting rcmd.hostname to host/host-
	      name.domain).

       http_anchors
	      When KDCs and kpasswd servers are accessed through  HTTPS	 prox-
	      ies, this tag can be used to specify the location of the CA cer-
	      tificate which should be trusted to issue the certificate for  a
	      proxy  server.  If left unspecified, the system-wide default set
	      of CA certificates is used.

	      The syntax for values is similar	to  that  of  values  for  the
	      pkinit_anchors tag:

	      FILE: filename

	      filename is assumed to be the name of an OpenSSL-style ca-bundle
	      file.

	      DIR: dirname

	      dirname is assumed to be an directory which contains CA certifi-
	      cates.   All  files  in  the directory will be examined; if they
	      contain certificates (in PEM format), they will be used.

	      ENV: envvar

	      envvar specifies the name of an environment variable  which  has
	      been  set	 to  a value conforming to one of the previous values.
	      For  example,  ENV:X509_PROXY_CA,	 where	environment   variable
	      X509_PROXY_CA has been set to FILE:/tmp/my_proxy.pem.

       kdc    The  name or address of a host running a KDC for that realm.  An
	      optional port number, separated from the hostname	 by  a	colon,
	      may  be  included.   If the name or address contains colons (for
	      example, if it is an IPv6 address), enclose it in square	brack-
	      ets  to  distinguish  the colon from a port separator.  For your
	      computer to be able to communicate with the KDC for each	realm,
	      this  tag	 must be given a value in each realm subsection in the
	      configuration file, or there must be DNS SRV records  specifying
	      the KDCs.

       kpasswd_server
	      Points  to  the  server  where all the password changes are per-
	      formed.  If there is no such entry, DNS will be queried  (unless
	      forbidden	  by   dns_lookup_kdc).	  Finally,  port  464  on  the
	      admin_server host will be tried.

       master_kdc
	      Identifies the master KDC(s).  Currently, this tag  is  used  in
	      only one case: If an attempt to get credentials fails because of
	      an invalid password, the client software will attempt to contact
	      the  master  KDC,	 in  case  the	user's	password has just been
	      changed, and the updated database has not been propagated to the
	      slave servers yet.

       v4_instance_convert
	      This subsection allows the administrator to configure exceptions
	      to the default_domain mapping rule.  It  contains	 V4  instances
	      (the tag name) which should be translated to some specific host-
	      name (the tag value) as the second component in  a  Kerberos  V5
	      principal name.

       v4_realm
	      This  relation  is used by the krb524 library routines when con-
	      verting a V5 principal name to a V4 principal name.  It is  used
	      when  the	 V4 realm name and the V5 realm name are not the same,
	      but still share the same principal names and passwords. The  tag
	      value is the Kerberos V4 realm name.

   [domain_realm]
       The [domain_realm] section provides a translation from a domain name or
       hostname to a Kerberos realm name.  The tag name can be a host name  or
       domain  name,  where domain names are indicated by a prefix of a period
       (.).  The value of the relation is the Kerberos	realm  name  for  that
       particular  host	 or  domain.  A host name relation implicitly provides
       the corresponding domain name relation, unless an explicit domain  name
       relation	 is  provided.	The Kerberos realm may be identified either in
       the realms section or using DNS SRV records.   Host  names  and	domain
       names should be in lower case.  For example:

	  [domain_realm]
	      crash.mit.edu = TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU
	      .dev.mit.edu = TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU
	      mit.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU

       maps  the host with the name crash.mit.edu into the TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU
       realm.  The second entry maps all hosts under  the  domain  dev.mit.edu
       into  the  TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU  realm,  but  not the host with the name
       dev.mit.edu.  That host is matched by the third entry, which  maps  the
       host mit.edu and all hosts under the domain mit.edu that do not match a
       preceding rule into the realm ATHENA.MIT.EDU.

       If no translation entry applies to a hostname used for a service	 prin-
       cipal  for  a  service  ticket  request,	 the library will try to get a
       referral to the appropriate realm from the client realm's KDC.  If that
       does  not  succeed, the host's realm is considered to be the hostname's
       domain portion converted to  uppercase,	unless	the  realm_try_domains
       setting in [libdefaults] causes a different parent domain to be used.

   [capaths]
       In  order  to perform direct (non-hierarchical) cross-realm authentica-
       tion, configuration is needed to	 determine  the	 authentication	 paths
       between realms.

       A  client will use this section to find the authentication path between
       its realm and the realm of the server.  The server will use  this  sec-
       tion  to verify the authentication path used by the client, by checking
       the transited field of the received ticket.

       There is a tag for each participating client realm, and	each  tag  has
       subtags	for each of the server realms.	The value of the subtags is an
       intermediate realm which may participate in the cross-realm authentica-
       tion.  The subtags may be repeated if there is more then one intermedi-
       ate realm.  A value of  "."  means  that	 the  two  realms  share  keys
       directly, and no intermediate realms should be allowed to participate.

       Only  those  entries  which  will be needed on the client or the server
       need to be present.  A client needs a tag for its local realm with sub-
       tags  for all the realms of servers it will need to authenticate to.  A
       server needs a tag for each realm of the clients it will serve, with  a
       subtag of the server realm.

       For example, ANL.GOV, PNL.GOV, and NERSC.GOV all wish to use the ES.NET
       realm as an intermediate realm.	ANL has a sub  realm  of  TEST.ANL.GOV
       which  will authenticate with NERSC.GOV but not PNL.GOV.	 The [capaths]
       section for ANL.GOV systems would look like this:

	  [capaths]
	      ANL.GOV = {
		  TEST.ANL.GOV = .
		  PNL.GOV = ES.NET
		  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
		  ES.NET = .
	      }
	      TEST.ANL.GOV = {
		  ANL.GOV = .
	      }
	      PNL.GOV = {
		  ANL.GOV = ES.NET
	      }
	      NERSC.GOV = {
		  ANL.GOV = ES.NET
	      }
	      ES.NET = {
		  ANL.GOV = .
	      }

       The [capaths] section of the configuration file used on NERSC.GOV  sys-
       tems would look like this:

	  [capaths]
	      NERSC.GOV = {
		  ANL.GOV = ES.NET
		  TEST.ANL.GOV = ES.NET
		  TEST.ANL.GOV = ANL.GOV
		  PNL.GOV = ES.NET
		  ES.NET = .
	      }
	      ANL.GOV = {
		  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
	      }
	      PNL.GOV = {
		  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
	      }
	      ES.NET = {
		  NERSC.GOV = .
	      }
	      TEST.ANL.GOV = {
		  NERSC.GOV = ANL.GOV
		  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
	      }

       When a subtag is used more than once within a tag, clients will use the
       order of values to determine the path.  The  order  of  values  is  not
       important to servers.

   [appdefaults]
       Each  tag  in the [appdefaults] section names a Kerberos V5 application
       or an option that is used by  some  Kerberos  V5	 application[s].   The
       value of the tag defines the default behaviors for that application.

       For example:

	  [appdefaults]
	      telnet = {
		  ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
		      option1 = false
		  }
	      }
	      telnet = {
		  option1 = true
		  option2 = true
	      }
	      ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
		  option2 = false
	      }
	      option2 = true

       The  above  four ways of specifying the value of an option are shown in
       order of decreasing precedence. In this example, if telnet  is  running
       in  the	realm  EXAMPLE.COM,  it	 should,  by default, have option1 and
       option2	set  to	 true.	 However,  a  telnet  program  in  the	 realm
       ATHENA.MIT.EDU  should  have  option1  set  to false and option2 set to
       true.  Any other programs in ATHENA.MIT.EDU should have option2 set  to
       false  by  default.   Any  programs running in other realms should have
       option2 set to true.

       The list of specifiable options for each application may	 be  found  in
       that  application's man pages.  The application defaults specified here
       are overridden by those specified in the realms section.

   [plugins]
	  o pwqual interface

	  o kadm5_hook interface

	  o clpreauth and kdcpreauth interfaces

       Tags in the [plugins] section can be used to  register  dynamic	plugin
       modules	and  to	 turn  modules	on  and off.  Not every krb5 pluggable
       interface uses the [plugins] section; the ones that do  are  documented
       here.

       New in release 1.9.

       Each pluggable interface corresponds to a subsection of [plugins].  All
       subsections support the same tags:

       disable
	      This tag may have multiple values. If there are values for  this
	      tag,  then  the named modules will be disabled for the pluggable
	      interface.

       enable_only
	      This tag may have multiple values. If there are values for  this
	      tag,  then  only the named modules will be enabled for the plug-
	      gable interface.

       module This tag may have multiple values.  Each value is	 a  string  of
	      the  form	 modulename:pathname,  which  causes the shared object
	      located at pathname to be registered as a dynamic	 module	 named
	      modulename  for  the pluggable interface.	 If pathname is not an
	      absolute path, it will be	 treated  as  relative	to  the	 plug-
	      in_base_dir value from [libdefaults].

       For pluggable interfaces where module order matters, modules registered
       with a module tag normally come first, in the  order  they  are	regis-
       tered,  followed	 by  built-in modules in the order they are documented
       below.  If enable_only tags are used, then  the	order  of  those  tags
       overrides the normal module order.

       The  following subsections are currently supported within the [plugins]
       section:

   ccselect interface
       The ccselect subsection controls modules for credential cache selection
       within  a cache collection.  In addition to any registered dynamic mod-
       ules, the following built-in modules exist (and may  be	disabled  with
       the disable tag):

       k5identity
	      Uses a .k5identity file in the user's home directory to select a
	      client principal

       realm  Uses the service realm to guess an appropriate  cache  from  the
	      collection

   pwqual interface
       The  pwqual subsection controls modules for the password quality inter-
       face, which is  used  to	 reject	 weak  passwords  when	passwords  are
       changed.	 The following built-in modules exist for this interface:

       dict   Checks against the realm dictionary file

       empty  Rejects empty passwords

       hesiod Checks  against  user information stored in Hesiod (only if Ker-
	      beros was built with Hesiod support)

       princ  Checks against components of the principal name

   kadm5_hook interface
       The kadm5_hook interface provides plugins with information on principal
       creation,  modification, password changes and deletion.	This interface
       can be used to write a plugin to synchronize MIT Kerberos with  another
       database	 such  as  Active Directory.  No plugins are built in for this
       interface.

   clpreauth and kdcpreauth interfaces
       The clpreauth and kdcpreauth interfaces allow plugin modules to provide
       client  and  KDC	 preauthentication mechanisms.	The following built-in
       modules exist for these interfaces:

       pkinit This module implements the PKINIT preauthentication mechanism.

       encrypted_challenge
	      This module implements the encrypted challenge FAST factor.

       encrypted_timestamp
	      This module implements the encrypted timestamp mechanism.

   hostrealm interface
       The hostrealm section (introduced in release 1.12) controls modules for
       the  host-to-realm  interface, which affects the local mapping of host-
       names to realm names and the choice of default  realm.	The  following
       built-in modules exist for this interface:

       profile
	      This  module  consults the [domain_realm] section of the profile
	      for authoritative host-to-realm mappings, and the	 default_realm
	      variable for the default realm.

       dns    This  module  looks  for	DNS records for fallback host-to-realm
	      mappings and  the	 default  realm.   It  only  operates  if  the
	      dns_lookup_realm variable is set to true.

       domain This  module  applies heuristics for fallback host-to-realm map-
	      pings.  It implements the realm_try_domains variable,  and  uses
	      the  uppercased  parent  domain of the hostname if that does not
	      produce a result.

   localauth interface
       The localauth section (introduced in release 1.12) controls modules for
       the  local  authorization  interface,  which  affects  the relationship
       between Kerberos principals and local system accounts.	The  following
       built-in modules exist for this interface:

       default
	      This  module  implements the DEFAULT type for auth_to_local val-
	      ues.

       rule   This module implements the RULE type for auth_to_local values.

       names  This module looks for an	auth_to_local_names  mapping  for  the
	      principal name.

       auth_to_local
	      This  module  processes  auth_to_local  values  in  the  default
	      realm's  section,	 and  applies  the  default   method   if   no
	      auth_to_local values exist.

       k5login
	      This  module authorizes a principal to a local account according
	      to the account's .k5login(5) file.

       an2ln  This module authorizes a principal to a  local  account  if  the
	      principal name maps to the local account name.

   certauth interface
       The  certauth section (introduced in release 1.16) controls modules for
       the certificate authorization interface,	 which	determines  whether  a
       certificate  is allowed to preauthenticate a user via PKINIT.  The fol-
       lowing built-in modules exist for this interface:

       pkinit_san
	      This module authorizes the certificate if it contains  a	PKINIT
	      Subject  Alternative Name for the requested client principal, or
	      a Microsoft UPN SAN matching the principal  if  pkinit_allow_upn
	      is set to true for the realm.

       pkinit_eku
	      This  module  rejects  the certificate if it does not contain an
	      Extended	 Key   Usage	attribute    consistent	   with	   the
	      pkinit_eku_checking value for the realm.

       dbmatch
	      This  module  authorizes or rejects the certificate according to
	      whether it matches the pkinit_cert_match string attribute on the
	      client principal, if that attribute is present.

PKINIT OPTIONS
       NOTE:
	  The  following  are  PKINIT-specific	options.   These values may be
	  specified  in	 [libdefaults]	as  global  defaults,  or   within   a
	  realm-specific  subsection  of [libdefaults], or may be specified as
	  realm-specific values in the	[realms]  section.   A	realm-specific
	  value overrides, not adds to, a generic [libdefaults] specification.
	  The search order is:

       1. realm-specific subsection of [libdefaults]:

	     [libdefaults]
		 EXAMPLE.COM = {
		     pkinit_anchors = FILE:/usr/local/example.com.crt
		 }

       2. realm-specific value in the [realms] section:

	     [realms]
		 OTHERREALM.ORG = {
		     pkinit_anchors = FILE:/usr/local/otherrealm.org.crt
		 }

       3. generic value in the [libdefaults] section:

	     [libdefaults]
		 pkinit_anchors = DIR:/usr/local/generic_trusted_cas/

   Specifying PKINIT identity information
       The syntax for specifying Public Key identity,  trust,  and  revocation
       information for PKINIT is as follows:

       FILE:filename[,keyfilename]
	      This option has context-specific behavior.

	      In  pkinit_identity or pkinit_identities, filename specifies the
	      name of a PEM-format file containing the user's certificate.  If
	      keyfilename is not specified, the user's private key is expected
	      to be in filename as well.  Otherwise, keyfilename is  the  name
	      of the file containing the private key.

	      In  pkinit_anchors or pkinit_pool, filename is assumed to be the
	      name of an OpenSSL-style ca-bundle file.

       DIR:dirname
	      This option has context-specific behavior.

	      In pkinit_identity or  pkinit_identities,	 dirname  specifies  a
	      directory	 with files named *.crt and *.key where the first part
	      of the file name is the same for matching pairs  of  certificate
	      and private key files.  When a file with a name ending with .crt
	      is found, a matching file ending with .key is assumed to contain
	      the private key.	If no such file is found, then the certificate
	      in the .crt is not used.

	      In pkinit_anchors or pkinit_pool, dirname is assumed  to	be  an
	      OpenSSL-style  hashed  CA directory where each CA cert is stored
	      in a  file  named	 hash-of-ca-cert.#.   This  infrastructure  is
	      encouraged,  but all files in the directory will be examined and
	      if they contain certificates (in PEM format), they will be used.

	      In pkinit_revoke, dirname is  assumed  to	 be  an	 OpenSSL-style
	      hashed  CA  directory  where each revocation list is stored in a
	      file named hash-of-ca-cert.r#.  This infrastructure  is  encour-
	      aged,  but  all  files  in the directory will be examined and if
	      they contain a revocation list (in PEM  format),	they  will  be
	      used.

       PKCS12:filename
	      filename	is  the name of a PKCS #12 format file, containing the
	      user's certificate and private key.

       PKCS11:[module_name=]modname[:slotid=slot-id][:token=token-label][:cer-
       tid=cert-id][:certlabel=cert-label]
	      All keyword/values are optional.	modname specifies the location
	      of a library implementing PKCS #11.  If a value  is  encountered
	      with  no	keyword,  it is assumed to be the modname.  If no mod-
	      ule-name is specified, the default is opensc-pkcs11.so.  slotid=
	      and/or  token= may be specified to force the use of a particular
	      smard card reader or token if there is more than one  available.
	      certid=  and/or  certlabel= may be specified to force the selec-
	      tion of  a  particular  certificate  on  the  device.   See  the
	      pkinit_cert_match configuration option for more ways to select a
	      particular certificate to use for PKINIT.

       ENV:envvar
	      envvar specifies the name of an environment variable  which  has
	      been  set	 to  a value conforming to one of the previous values.
	      For  example,   ENV:X509_PROXY,	where	environment   variable
	      X509_PROXY has been set to FILE:/tmp/my_proxy.pem.

   PKINIT krb5.conf options
       pkinit_anchors
	      Specifies	 the  location	of  trusted anchor (root) certificates
	      which the client trusts to sign KDC certificates.	  This	option
	      may  be  specified multiple times.  These values from the config
	      file are not used if the user specifies X509_anchors on the com-
	      mand line.

       pkinit_cert_match
	      Specifies	 matching rules that the client certificate must match
	      before it is used to attempt PKINIT authentication.  If  a  user
	      has  multiple  certificates  available  (on a smart card, or via
	      other media), there  must	 be  exactly  one  certificate	chosen
	      before  attempting  PKINIT  authentication.   This option may be
	      specified multiple times.	 All the  available  certificates  are
	      checked  against	each  rule  in order until there is a match of
	      exactly one certificate.

	      The Subject and Issuer  comparison  strings  are	the  RFC  2253
	      string  representations  from  the  certificate  Subject	DN and
	      Issuer DN values.

	      The syntax of the matching rules is:
		 [relation-operator]component-rule ...

	      where:

	      relation-operator
		     can be either &&, meaning all component rules must match,
		     or	 ||,  meaning only one component rule must match.  The
		     default is &&.

	      component-rule
		     can be one of the following.  Note that there is no punc-
		     tuation or whitespace between component rules.
			<SUBJECT>regular-expression
			<ISSUER>regular-expression
			<SAN>regular-expression
			<EKU>extended-key-usage-list
			<KU>key-usage-list


		     extended-key-usage-list  is  a  comma-separated  list  of
		     required Extended Key Usage values.  All  values  in  the
		     list  must	 be  present in the certificate.  Extended Key
		     Usage values can be:

		     o pkinit

		     o msScLogin

		     o clientAuth

		     o emailProtection

		     key-usage-list is a comma-separated list of required  Key
		     Usage  values.  All values in the list must be present in
		     the certificate.  Key Usage values can be:

		     o digitalSignature

		     o keyEncipherment

	      Examples:

		 pkinit_cert_match = ||<SUBJECT>.*DoE.*<SAN>.*@EXAMPLE.COM
		 pkinit_cert_match = &&<EKU>msScLogin,clientAuth<ISSUER>.*DoE.*
		 pkinit_cert_match = <EKU>msScLogin,clientAuth<KU>digitalSignature

       pkinit_eku_checking
	      This option specifies what Extended Key Usage value the KDC cer-
	      tificate	presented  to  the client must contain.	 (Note that if
	      the  KDC	certificate  has  the  pkinit	SubjectAlternativeName
	      encoded  as the Kerberos TGS name, EKU checking is not necessary
	      since the issuing CA has certified this as a  KDC	 certificate.)
	      The values recognized in the krb5.conf file are:

	      kpKDC  This is the default value and specifies that the KDC must
		     have the id-pkinit-KPKdc EKU as defined in RFC 4556.

	      kpServerAuth
		     If kpServerAuth is specified, a KDC certificate with  the
		     id-kp-serverAuth  EKU  will  be accepted.	This key usage
		     value is used in most commercially issued server certifi-
		     cates.

	      none   If	 none  is specified, then the KDC certificate will not
		     be checked to verify it has an acceptable EKU.   The  use
		     of this option is not recommended.

       pkinit_dh_min_bits
	      Specifies	 the  size  of	the Diffie-Hellman key the client will
	      attempt to use.  The acceptable values are 1024, 2048, and 4096.
	      The default is 2048.

       pkinit_identities
	      Specifies	 the  location(s)  to be used to find the user's X.509
	      identity information.  This option  may  be  specified  multiple
	      times.  Each value is attempted in order until identity informa-
	      tion is found and authentication is attempted.  Note that	 these
	      values  are not used if the user specifies X509_user_identity on
	      the command line.

       pkinit_kdc_hostname
	      The presense of this option indicates that the client is willing
	      to accept a KDC certificate with a dNSName SAN (Subject Alterna-
	      tive Name) rather than requiring the id-pkinit-san as defined in
	      RFC  4556.   This	 option	 may be specified multiple times.  Its
	      value should contain the acceptable hostname  for	 the  KDC  (as
	      contained in its certificate).

       pkinit_pool
	      Specifies the location of intermediate certificates which may be
	      used by the client to complete the trust	chain  between	a  KDC
	      certificate  and a trusted anchor.  This option may be specified
	      multiple times.

       pkinit_require_crl_checking
	      The default certificate verification process will	 always	 check
	      the available revocation information to see if a certificate has
	      been revoked.  If a match is found for the certificate in a CRL,
	      verification  fails.   If	 the certificate being verified is not
	      listed in a CRL, or there is no CRL present for its issuing  CA,
	      and pkinit_require_crl_checking is false, then verification suc-
	      ceeds.

	      However, if pkinit_require_crl_checking is true and there is  no
	      CRL  information available for the issuing CA, then verification
	      fails.

	      pkinit_require_crl_checking should be set to true if the	policy
	      is such that up-to-date CRLs must be present for every CA.

       pkinit_revoke
	      Specifies	 the  location	of  Certificate	 Revocation List (CRL)
	      information to be used by the client when verifying the validity
	      of  the KDC certificate presented.  This option may be specified
	      multiple times.

PARAMETER EXPANSION
       Starting	  with	 release   1.11,   several    variables,    such    as
       default_keytab_name, allow parameters to be expanded.  Valid parameters
       are:

		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{TEMP}	       | Temporary directory	    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{uid}	       | Unix real UID	or  Windows |
		    |		       | SID			    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{euid}	       | Unix  effective user ID or |
		    |		       | Windows SID		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{USERID}	       | Same as %{uid}		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{null}	       | Empty string		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{LIBDIR}	       | Installation	    library |
		    |		       | directory		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{BINDIR}	       | Installation binary direc- |
		    |		       | tory			    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{SBINDIR}	       | Installation admin  binary |
		    |		       | directory		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{username}       | (Unix)	 Username of effec- |
		    |		       | tive user ID		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{APPDATA}	       | (Windows) Roaming applica- |
		    |		       | tion data for current user |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{COMMON_APPDATA} | (Windows) Application data |
		    |		       | for all users		    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{LOCAL_APPDATA}  | (Windows)  Local  applica- |
		    |		       | tion data for current user |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{SYSTEM}	       | (Windows)  Windows  system |
		    |		       | folder			    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{WINDOWS}	       | (Windows) Windows folder   |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{USERCONFIG}     | (Windows)   Per-user	MIT |
		    |		       | krb5 config file directory |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+
		    |%{COMMONCONFIG}   | (Windows)  Common MIT krb5 |
		    |		       | config file directory	    |
		    +------------------+----------------------------+

SAMPLE KRB5.CONF FILE
       Here is an example of a generic krb5.conf file:

	  [libdefaults]
	      default_realm = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
	      dns_lookup_kdc = true
	      dns_lookup_realm = false

	  [realms]
	      ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
		  kdc = kerberos.mit.edu
		  kdc = kerberos-1.mit.edu
		  kdc = kerberos-2.mit.edu
		  admin_server = kerberos.mit.edu
		  master_kdc = kerberos.mit.edu
	      }
	      EXAMPLE.COM = {
		  kdc = kerberos.example.com
		  kdc = kerberos-1.example.com
		  admin_server = kerberos.example.com
	      }

	  [domain_realm]
	      mit.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU

	  [capaths]
	      ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
		     EXAMPLE.COM = .
	      }
	      EXAMPLE.COM = {
		     ATHENA.MIT.EDU = .
	      }

FILES
       /etc/krb5.conf

SEE ALSO
       syslog(3)

AUTHOR
       MIT

COPYRIGHT
       1985-2017, MIT




1.15.1								  KRB5.CONF(5)