NETSTAT(8)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		    NETSTAT(8)



NAME
       netstat	- Print network connections, routing tables, interface statis-
       tics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships


SYNOPSIS
       netstat	[address_family_options]  [--tcp|-t]   [--udp|-u]   [--raw|-w]
       [--listening|-l] [--all|-a] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts][--numeric-
       ports][--numeric-ports]	 [--symbolic|-N]    [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]]
       [--timers|-o] [--program|-p] [--verbose|-v] [--continuous|-c] [delay]

       netstat		    {--route|-r}	      [address_family_options]
       [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]]  [--verbose|-v]  [--numeric|-n]  [--numeric-
       hosts][--numeric-ports][--numeric-ports] [--continuous|-c] [delay]

       netstat	{--interfaces|-I|-i}  [iface] [--all|-a] [--extend|-e] [--ver-
       bose|-v]	 [--program|-p]	 [--numeric|-n]	  [--numeric-hosts][--numeric-
       ports][--numeric-ports] [--continuous|-c] [delay]

       netstat	 {--groups|-g}	 [--numeric|-n]	  [--numeric-hosts][--numeric-
       ports][--numeric-ports] [--continuous|-c] [delay]

       netstat	{--masquerade|-M}  [--extend|-e]  [--numeric|-n]   [--numeric-
       hosts][--numeric-ports][--numeric-ports] [--continuous|-c] [delay]

       netstat {--statistics|-s} [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w] [delay]

       netstat {--version|-V}

       netstat {--help|-h}

       address_family_options:

       [--protocol={inet,unix,ipx,ax25,netrom,ddp}[,...]]	   [--unix|-x]
       [--inet|--ip] [--ax25] [--ipx] [--netrom] [--ddp]


NOTE
       This program is obsolete.  Replacement for netstat is ss.   Replacement
       for  netstat -r is ip route.  Replacement for netstat -i is ip -s link.
       Replacement for netstat -g is ip maddr.


DESCRIPTION
       Netstat prints information about the Linux networking  subsystem.   The
       type  of	 information  printed  is controlled by the first argument, as
       follows:

   (none)
       By default, netstat displays a list of  open  sockets.	If  you	 don't
       specify any address families, then the active sockets of all configured
       address families will be printed.

   --route , -r
       Display the kernel routing tables.

   --groups , -g
       Display multicast group membership information for IPv4 and IPv6.

   --interfaces=iface , -I=iface , -i
       Display a table of all network interfaces, or the specified iface.

   --masquerade , -M
       Display a list of masqueraded connections.

   --statistics , -s
       Display summary statistics for each protocol.

OPTIONS
   --verbose , -v
       Tell the user what is going on by being verbose. Especially print  some
       useful information about unconfigured address families.

   --numeric , -n
       Show  numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host,
       port or user names.

   --numeric-hosts
       shows numerical host addresses but does not affect  the	resolution  of
       port or user names.

   --numeric-ports
       shows numerical port numbers but does not affect the resolution of host
       or user names.

   --numeric-users
       shows numerical user IDs but does not affect the resolution of host  or
       port names.


   --protocol=family , -A
       Specifies  the  address families (perhaps better described as low level
       protocols) for which connections are to be shown.  family  is  a	 comma
       (',')  separated	 list of address family keywords like inet, unix, ipx,
       ax25, netrom, and ddp.  This has the same effect as using  the  --inet,
       --unix (-x), --ipx, --ax25, --netrom, and --ddp options.

       The address family inet includes raw, udp and tcp protocol sockets.

   -c, --continuous
       This  will cause netstat to print the selected information every second
       continuously.

   -e, --extend
       Display additional information.	Use  this  option  twice  for  maximum
       detail.

   -o, --timers
       Include information related to networking timers.

   -p, --program
       Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.

   -l, --listening
       Show only listening sockets.  (These are omitted by default.)

   -a, --all
       Show  both  listening and non-listening (for TCP this means established
       connections) sockets.  With the --interfaces  option,  show  interfaces
       that are not marked

   -F
       Print routing information from the FIB.	(This is the default.)

   -C
       Print routing information from the route cache.

   -Z --context
       If SELinux enabled print SELinux context.

   -T --notrim
       Stop trimming long addresses.

   delay
       Netstat	will  cycle  printing  through statistics every delay seconds.
       UP.

OUTPUT
   Active Internet connections (TCP, UDP, raw)
   Proto
       The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.

   Recv-Q
       The count of bytes not copied by the user  program  connected  to  this
       socket.

   Send-Q
       The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.

   Local Address
       Address	and  port  number  of the local end of the socket.  Unless the
       --numeric (-n) option is specified, the socket address is  resolved  to
       its  canonical host name (FQDN), and the port number is translated into
       the corresponding service name.

   Foreign Address
       Address and port number of the remote end of the socket.	 Analogous  to
       "Local Address."

   State
       The state of the socket. Since there are no states in raw mode and usu-
       ally no states used in UDP, this column may  be	left  blank.  Normally
       this can be one of several values:

       ESTABLISHED
	      The socket has an established connection.

       SYN_SENT
	      The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.

       SYN_RECV
	      A connection request has been received from the network.

       FIN_WAIT1
	      The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.

       FIN_WAIT2
	      Connection  is  closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown
	      from the remote end.

       TIME_WAIT
	      The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the
	      network.

       CLOSED The socket is not being used.

       CLOSE_WAIT
	      The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.

       LAST_ACK
	      The  remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting
	      for acknowledgement.

       LISTEN The socket is listening for incoming connections.	 Such  sockets
	      are  not included in the output unless you specify the --listen-
	      ing (-l) or --all (-a) option.

       CLOSING
	      Both sockets are shut down but we still don't have all our  data
	      sent.

       UNKNOWN
	      The state of the socket is unknown.

   User
       The username or the user id (UID) of the owner of the socket.

   PID/Program name
       Slash-separated	pair  of  the process id (PID) and process name of the
       process that owns the socket.   --program  causes  this	column	to  be
       included.  You will also need superuser privileges to see this informa-
       tion on sockets you don't own.  This identification information is  not
       yet available for IPX sockets.

   Timer
       (this needs to be written)

   Active UNIX domain Sockets
   Proto
       The protocol (usually unix) used by the socket.

   RefCnt
       The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this socket).

   Flags
       The  flags displayed is SO_ACCEPTON (displayed as ACC), SO_WAITDATA (W)
       or SO_NOSPACE (N).  SO_ACCECPTON is  used  on  unconnected  sockets  if
       their  corresponding  processes	are waiting for a connect request. The
       other flags are not of normal interest.

   Type
       There are several types of socket access:

       SOCK_DGRAM
	      The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.

       SOCK_STREAM
	      This is a stream (connection) socket.

       SOCK_RAW
	      The socket is used as a raw socket.

       SOCK_RDM
	      This one serves reliably-delivered messages.

       SOCK_SEQPACKET
	      This is a sequential packet socket.

       SOCK_PACKET
	      Raw interface access socket.

       UNKNOWN
	      Who ever knows what the future will bring us - just fill in here
	      :-)

   State
       This field will contain one of the following Keywords:

       FREE   The socket is not allocated

       LISTENING
	      The  socket is listening for a connection request.  Such sockets
	      are only included in the output if you specify  the  --listening
	      (-l) or --all (-a) option.

       CONNECTING
	      The socket is about to establish a connection.

       CONNECTED
	      The socket is connected.

       DISCONNECTING
	      The socket is disconnecting.

       (empty)
	      The socket is not connected to another one.

       UNKNOWN
	      This state should never happen.

   PID/Program name
       Process	ID  (PID)  and process name of the process that has the socket
       open.  More info available in Active Internet connections section writ-
       ten above.

   Path
       This  is the path name as which the corresponding processes attached to
       the socket.

   Active IPX sockets
       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

   Active NET/ROM sockets
       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

   Active AX.25 sockets
       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

NOTES
       Starting with Linux release 2.2 netstat -i does not show interface sta-
       tistics	for  alias interfaces. To get per alias interface counters you
       need to setup explicit rules using the ipchains(8) command.


FILES
       /etc/services -- The services translation file

       /proc -- Mount point for the proc filesystem,  which  gives  access  to
       kernel status information via the following files.

       /proc/net/dev -- device information

       /proc/net/raw -- raw socket information

       /proc/net/tcp -- TCP socket information

       /proc/net/udp -- UDP socket information

       /proc/net/igmp -- IGMP multicast information

       /proc/net/unix -- Unix domain socket information

       /proc/net/ipx -- IPX socket information

       /proc/net/ax25 -- AX25 socket information

       /proc/net/appletalk -- DDP (appletalk) socket information

       /proc/net/nr -- NET/ROM socket information

       /proc/net/route -- IP routing information

       /proc/net/ax25_route -- AX25 routing information

       /proc/net/ipx_route -- IPX routing information

       /proc/net/nr_nodes -- NET/ROM nodelist

       /proc/net/nr_neigh -- NET/ROM neighbours

       /proc/net/ip_masquerade -- masqueraded connections

       /proc/net/snmp -- statistics

SEE ALSO
       ss(8),ip(8)

BUGS
       Occasionally  strange  information may appear if a socket changes as it
       is viewed. This is unlikely to occur.

AUTHORS
       The  netstat  user   interface	was   written	by   Fred   Baumgarten
       <dc6iq@insu1.etec.uni-karlsruhe.de>  the	 man  page  basically  by Matt
       Welsh   <mdw@tc.cornell.edu>.   It   was	  updated    by	   Alan	   Cox
       <Alan.Cox@linux.org> but could do with a bit more work.	It was updated
       again by Tuan Hoang <tqhoang@bigfoot.com>.
       The man page and the command  included  in  the	net-tools  package  is
       totally rewritten by Bernd Eckenfels <ecki@linux.de>.



net-tools		       19 December 2000			    NETSTAT(8)