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Xorg(1x)							      Xorg(1x)



NAME
       Xorg - X11R6 X server

SYNOPSIS
       Xorg [:display] [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Xorg  is a full featured X server that was originally designed for UNIX
       and UNIX-like operating systems running on Intel x86 hardware.  It  now
       runs on a wider range of hardware and OS platforms.

       This work was derived from XFree86 4.4rc2 by the X.Org Foundation.  The
       XFree86 4.4rc2 release was originally derived from X386 1.2  by	Thomas
       Roell  which  was  contributed  to X11R5 by Snitily Graphics Consulting
       Service.	 The Xorg server architecture includes among many other things
       a  loadable module system derived from code donated by Metro Link, Inc.
       The current Xorg release is compatible with X11R6.6.

PLATFORMS
       Xorg operates under a wide range	 of  operating	systems	 and  hardware
       platforms.   The	 Intel x86 (IA32) architecture is the most widely sup-
       ported hardware platform.   Other  hardware  platforms  include	Compaq
       Alpha,  Intel IA64, SPARC and PowerPC.  The most widely supported oper-
       ating systems are the free/OpenSource UNIX-like systems such as	Linux,
       FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD.  Commercial UNIX operating systems such as
       Solaris (x86) and UnixWare are also supported.  Other supported operat-
       ing systems include LynxOS, and GNU Hurd.  Darwin and Mac OS X are sup-
       ported with the XDarwin(1) X server.  Win32/Cygwin  is  supported  with
       the XWin X server.

NETWORK CONNECTIONS
       Xorg  supports  connections  made  using	 the  following reliable byte-
       streams:

       Local
	   On most platforms, the "Local" connection  type  is	a  UNIX-domain
	   socket.   On	 some System V platforms, the "local" connection types
	   also include STREAMS pipes, named pipes, and some other mechanisms.

       TCPIP
	   Xorg listens on port 6000+n, where n is the display	number.	  This
	   connection  type can be disabled with the -nolisten option (see the
	   Xserver(1) man page for details).

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       For operating systems that support local connections  other  than  Unix
       Domain  sockets (SVR3 and SVR4), there is a compiled-in list specifying
       the order in which local connections should be  attempted.   This  list
       can  be	overridden by the XLOCAL environment variable described below.
       If the display name indicates a best-choice connection should  be  made
       (e.g.   :0.0),  each  connection	 mechanism is tried until a connection
       succeeds or no more mechanisms are available.  Note: for these OSs, the
       Unix  Domain  socket  connection	 is treated differently from the other
       local connection types.	To use it  the	connection  must  be  made  to
       unix:0.0.

       The  XLOCAL environment variable should contain a list of one more more
       of the following:

	       NAMED
	       PTS
	       SCO
	       ISC

       which represent SVR4 Named Streams pipe, Old-style  USL	Streams	 pipe,
       SCO  XSight  Streams pipe, and ISC Streams pipe, respectively.  You can
       select a single mechanism (e.g.	 XLOCAL=NAMED),	 or  an	 ordered  list
       (e.g.  XLOCAL="NAMED:PTS:SCO").	his variable overrides the compiled-in
       defaults.  For SVR4 it is recommended that NAMED be the	first  prefer-
       ence connection.	 The default setting is PTS:NAMED:ISC:SCO.

       To  globally  override the compiled-in defaults, you should define (and
       export if using sh or ksh) XLOCAL globally.  If you  use	 startx(1)  or
       xinit(1),  the  definition  should be at the top of your .xinitrc file.
       If  you	use  xdm(1),  the  definitions	should	be  early  on  in  the
       /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession script.

OPTIONS
       Xorg  supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration
       and run-time parameters: command line options,  environment  variables,
       the  xorg.conf(5x)  configuration  file,	 auto-detection,  and fallback
       defaults.  When the same information is supplied in more than one  way,
       the  highest  precedence	 mechanism is used.  The list of mechanisms is
       ordered from highest precedence to lowest.  Note that not  all  parame-
       ters  can  be  supplied	via  all  methods.  The available command line
       options and environment variables (and  some  defaults)	are  described
       here and in the Xserver(1) manual page.	Most configuration file param-
       eters, with their defaults, are described in the	 xorg.conf(5x)	manual
       page.	Driver	 and  module  specific	configuration  parameters  are
       described in the relevant driver or module manual page.

       In addition to the normal server options described  in  the  Xserver(1)
       manual page, Xorg accepts the following command line switches:

       vtXX    XX specifies the Virtual Terminal device number which Xorg will
	       use.  Without this option, Xorg will pick the  first  available
	       Virtual	Terminal that it can locate.  This option applies only
	       to platforms such as Linux, BSD, SVR3 and SVR4, that have  vir-
	       tual terminal support.

       -allowMouseOpenFail
	       Allow  the server to start up even if the mouse device can't be
	       opened or  initialised.	 This  is  equivalent  to  the	Allow-
	       MouseOpenFail xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       -allowNonLocalModInDev
	       Allow  changes  to  keyboard  and mouse settings from non-local
	       clients.	 By default, connections from  non-local  clients  are
	       not  allowed to do this.	 This is equivalent to the AllowNonLo-
	       calModInDev xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       -allowNonLocalXvidtune
	       Make the VidMode extension available to remote  clients.	  This
	       allows  the xvidtune client to connect from another host.  This
	       is equivalent to the AllowNonLocalXvidtune  xorg.conf(5x)  file
	       option.	By default non-local connections are not allowed.

       -bgamma value
	       Set  the	 blue gamma correction.	 value must be between 0.1 and
	       10.  The default is 1.0.	 Not all drivers  support  this.   See
	       also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -ggamma options.

       -bpp n  No  longer  supported.	Use -depth to set the color depth, and
	       use -fbbpp if you really need to	 force	a  non-default	frame-
	       buffer (hardware) pixel format.

       -configure
	       When  this option is specified, the Xorg server loads all video
	       driver modules, probes for available hardware, and  writes  out
	       an initial xorg.conf(5x) file based on what was detected.  This
	       option currently has some problems on some  platforms,  but  in
	       most  cases  it	is  a  good way to bootstrap the configuration
	       process.	 This option is only available when the server is  run
	       as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -crt /dev/ttyXX
	       SCO  only.   This is the same as the vt option, and is provided
	       for compatibility with the native SCO X server.

       -depth n
	       Sets the default color depth.  Legal values are 1,  4,  8,  15,
	       16, and 24.  Not all drivers support all values.

       -disableModInDev
	       Disable dynamic modification of input device settings.  This is
	       equivalent to the DisableModInDev xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       -disableVidMode
	       Disable the the parts of the VidMode  extension	(used  by  the
	       xvidtune	 client)  that	can be used to change the video modes.
	       This is equivalent to the DisableVidModeExtension xorg.conf(5x)
	       file option.

       -fbbpp n
	       Sets the number of framebuffer bits per pixel.  You should only
	       set this if you're sure it's necessary; normally the server can
	       deduce the correct value from -depth above.  Useful if you want
	       to run a depth 24  configuration	 with  a  24  bpp  framebuffer
	       rather  than the (possibly default) 32 bpp framebuffer (or vice
	       versa).	Legal values are 1, 8, 16, 24, 32.   Not  all  drivers
	       support all values.

       -flipPixels
	       Swap the default values for the black and white pixels.

       -gamma value
	       Set  the	 gamma	correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.
	       The default is 1.0.  This value is applied equally to the R,  G
	       and  B  values.	Those values can be set independently with the
	       -rgamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma options.  Not all drivers support
	       this.

       -ggamma value
	       Set  the green gamma correction.	 value must be between 0.1 and
	       10.  The default is 1.0.	 Not all drivers  support  this.   See
	       also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -bgamma options.

       -ignoreABI
	       The  Xorg  server checks the ABI revision levels of each module
	       that it loads.  It will normally refuse to  load	 modules  with
	       ABI  revisions  that  are  newer	 than  the  server's.  This is
	       because such modules might use interfaces that the server  does
	       not  have.  When this option is specified, mismatches like this
	       are downgraded from fatal  errors  to  warnings.	  This	option
	       should be used with care.

       -isolateDevice bus-id
	       Restrict	 device	 resets	 to  the device at bus-id.  The bus-id
	       string  has   the   form	  bustype:bus:device:function	(e.g.,
	       `PCI:1:0:0').   At  present,  only  isolation of PCI devices is
	       supported; i.e., this option is ignored if bustype is  anything
	       other than `PCI'.

       -keeptty
	       Prevent	the server from detaching its initial controlling ter-
	       minal.  This option is only useful when debugging  the  server.
	       Not all platforms support (or can use) this option.

       -keyboard keyboard-name
	       Use the xorg.conf(5x) file InputDevice section called keyboard-
	       name as the core keyboard.  This option	is  ignored  when  the
	       Layout  section	specifies  a core keyboard.  In the absence of
	       both a Layout section  and  this	 option,  the  first  relevant
	       InputDevice section is used for the core keyboard.

       -layout layout-name
	       Use  the	 xorg.conf(5x) file Layout section called layout-name.
	       By default the first Layout section is used.

       -logfile filename
	       Use the file called filename as the Xorg server log file.   The
	       default	log  file  is  /var/log/Xorg.n.log  on most platforms,
	       where n is the display number of the Xorg server.  The  default
	       may be in a different directory on some platforms.  This option
	       is only available when the server is run	 as  root  (i.e,  with
	       real-uid 0).

       -logverbose [n]
	       Sets  the  verbosity  level for information printed to the Xorg
	       server log file.	 If the n value isn't  supplied,  each	occur-
	       rence  of  this option increments the log file verbosity level.
	       When the n value is supplied, the log file verbosity  level  is
	       set to that value.  The default log file verbosity level is 3.

       -modulepath searchpath
	       Set  the	 module	 search	 path  to searchpath.  searchpath is a
	       comma separated list of directories to search for  Xorg	server
	       modules.	  This option is only available when the server is run
	       as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -nosilk Disable Silken Mouse support.

       -pixmap24
	       Set the internal pixmap format for depth 24 pixmaps to 24  bits
	       per pixel.  The default is usually 32 bits per pixel.  There is
	       normally little reason to use this option.  Some client	appli-
	       cations don't like this pixmap format, even though it is a per-
	       fectly  legal  format.	This  is  equivalent  to  the	Pixmap
	       xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       -pixmap32
	       Set  the internal pixmap format for depth 24 pixmaps to 32 bits
	       per pixel.  This is usually the default.	 This is equivalent to
	       the Pixmap xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       -pointer pointer-name
	       Use  the xorg.conf(5x) file InputDevice section called pointer-
	       name as the core pointer.  This option is ignored when the Lay-
	       out section specifies a core pointer.  In the absence of both a
	       Layout section and this option, the first relevant  InputDevice
	       section is used for the core pointer.

       -probeonly
	       Causes  the server to exit after the device probing stage.  The
	       xorg.conf(5x) file is still used when this option is given,  so
	       information that can be auto-detected should be commented out.

       -quiet  Suppress most informational messages at startup.	 The verbosity
	       level is set to zero.

       -rgamma value
	       Set the red gamma correction.  value must be  between  0.1  and
	       10.   The  default  is 1.0.  Not all drivers support this.  See
	       also the -gamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma options.

       -scanpci
	       When this option is specified, the Xorg server  scans  the  PCI
	       bus, and prints out some information about each device that was
	       detected.  See also scanpci(1) and pcitweak(1).

       -screen screen-name
	       Use the xorg.conf(5x) file Screen section  called  screen-name.
	       By default the screens referenced by the default Layout section
	       are used, or the first Screen section when there are no	Layout
	       sections.

       -showconfig
	       This  is	 the  same as the -version option, and is included for
	       compatibility reasons.  It may be removed in a future  release,
	       so the -version option should be used instead.

       -weight nnn
	       Set RGB weighting at 16 bpp.  The default is 565.  This applies
	       only to those drivers which support 16 bpp.

       -verbose [n]
	       Sets the verbosity level for information printed on stderr.  If
	       the  n  value  isn't  supplied,	each occurrence of this option
	       increments the verbosity level.	When the n value is  supplied,
	       the  verbosity  level  is  set to that value.  The default ver-
	       bosity level is 0.

       -version
	       Print out the server version,  patchlevel,  release  date,  the
	       operating  system/platform  it  was  built  on,	and whether it
	       includes module loader support.

       -showDefaultLibPath
	       Print out the path libraries should be installed to.

       -config file
	       Read the server configuration from file.	 This option will work
	       for any file when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid
	       0), or for files relative to a directory in the	config	search
	       path for all other users.

KEYBOARD
       The  Xorg  server  is  normally configured to recognize various special
       combinations of key presses that instruct the server  to	 perform  some
       action, rather than just sending the key press event to a client appli-
       cation.	The default XKEYBOARD  keymap  defines	the  key  combinations
       listed  below.	The  server also has these key combinations builtin to
       its event handler for cases where the XKEYBOARD extension is not	 being
       used.   When using the XKEYBOARD extension, which key combinations per-
       form which actions is completely configurable.

       For more information about when the builtin event handler  is  used  to
       recognize  the  special	key combinations, see the documentation on the
       HandleSpecialKeys option in the xorg.conf(5x) man page.

       The special combinations of key presses	recognized  directly  by  Xorg
       are:

       Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
	       Immediately  kills  the server -- no questions asked.  This can
	       be disabled with the DontZap xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Plus
	       Change video mode to next one specified	in  the	 configuration
	       file.   This  can  be  disabled with the DontZoom xorg.conf(5x)
	       file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Minus
	       Change video mode to previous one specified in  the  configura-
	       tion   file.    This   can   be	 disabled  with	 the  DontZoom
	       xorg.conf(5x) file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Multiply
	       Not treated specially by default.  If  the  AllowClosedownGrabs
	       xorg.conf(5x) file option is specified, this key sequence kills
	       clients with an active  keyboard	 or  mouse  grab  as  well  as
	       killing	any  application that may have locked the server, nor-
	       mally using the XGrabServer(3x) Xlib function.

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Divide
	       Not treated specially by default.  If the  AllowDeactivateGrabs
	       xorg.conf(5x) file option is specified, this key sequence deac-
	       tivates any active keyboard and mouse grabs.

       Ctrl+Alt+F1...F12
	       For BSD and Linux systems with virtual terminal support,	 these
	       keystroke  combinations are used to switch to virtual terminals
	       1 through 12, respectively.  This  can  be  disabled  with  the
	       DontVTSwitch xorg.conf(5x) file option.

CONFIGURATION
       Xorg  typically uses a configuration file called xorg.conf for its ini-
       tial setup.  Refer to the xorg.conf(5x)	manual	page  for  information
       about the format of this file.

       Starting	 with version 4.4, Xorg has a mechanism for automatically gen-
       erating a built-in configuration at run-time when no xorg.conf file  is
       present.	 The current version of this automatic configuration mechanism
       works in three ways.

       The first is via enhancements that have made  many  components  of  the
       xorg.conf  file	optional.   This  means	 that  information that can be
       probed or reasonably deduced doesn't need to be	specified  explicitly,
       greatly	reducing the amount of built-in configuration information that
       needs to be generated at run-time.

       The second is to use an	external  utility  called  getconfig(1),  when
       available, to use meta-configuration information to generate a suitable
       configuration for the primary  video  device.   The  meta-configuration
       information can be updated to allow an existing installation to get the
       best out of new hardware or to work around bugs that  are  found	 post-
       release.

       The  third  is to have "safe" fallbacks for most configuration informa-
       tion.  This maximises the likelihood that the Xorg server will start up
       in  some	 usable configuration even when information about the specific
       hardware is not available.

       The automatic configuration support for Xorg is work in	progress.   It
       is  currently aimed at the most popular hardware and software platforms
       supported by Xorg.  Enhancements are planned for future releases.

FILES
       The Xorg server config file can be  found  in  a	 range	of  locations.
       These  are documented fully in the xorg.conf(5x) manual page.  The most
       commonly used locations are shown here.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf	     Server configuration file.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf-4	     Server configuration file.

       /etc/xorg.conf		     Server configuration file.

       /usr/etc/xorg.conf	     Server configuration file.

       /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf	     Server configuration file.

       /var/log/Xorg.n.log	     Server log file for display n.

       /usr/bin/*		     Client binaries.

       /usr/include/*		     Header files.

       /usr/lib/*		     Libraries.

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/*	     Fonts.

       /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt	     Color names to RGB mapping.

       /usr/lib/X11/XErrorDB	     Client error message database.

       /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/*   Client resource specifications.

       /usr/man/man?/*		     Manual pages.

       /etc/Xn.hosts		     Initial access control list  for  display
				     n.

SEE ALSO
       X(7),  Xserver(1x),  xdm(1x), xinit(1x), xorg.conf(5x), xorgconfig(1x),
       xorgcfg(1x),  xvidtune(1x),  apm(4),   ati(4),	chips(4),   cirrus(4),
       cyrix(4),  fbdev(4),  glide(4),	glint(4),  i128(4),  i740(4), i810(4),
       imstt(4), mga(4), neomagic(4), nsc(4),  nv(4),  r128(4),	 rendition(4),
       s3virge(4), siliconmotion(4), sis(4), sunbw2(4), suncg14(4), suncg3(4),
       suncg6(4),  sunffb(4),  sunleo(4),  suntcx(4),  tdfx(4),	 tga(4),  tri-
       dent(4), tseng(4), v4l(4), vesa(4), vga(4), vmware(4),
       Web site <http://www.x.org>.


AUTHORS
       Xorg  has  many contributors world wide.	 The names of most of them can
       be found in the documentation, CHANGELOG files in the source tree,  and
       in the actual source code.

       Xorg was originally based on XFree86 4.4rc2.  That was originally based
       on X386 1.2 by Thomas Roell, which was contributed to the then  X  Con-
       sortium's X11R5 distribution by SGCS.

       Xorg is released by the X.org Foundation.

       The project that became XFree86 was originally founded in 1992 by David
       Dawes, Glenn Lai, Jim Tsillas and David Wexelblat.

       XFree86 was later integrated in the then X Consortium's	X11R6  release
       by a group of dedicated XFree86 developers, including the following:

	   Stuart Anderson    anderson@metrolink.com
	   Doug Anson	      danson@lgc.com
	   Gertjan Akkerman   akkerman@dutiba.twi.tudelft.nl
	   Mike Bernson	      mike@mbsun.mlb.org
	   Robin Cutshaw      robin@XFree86.org
	   David Dawes	      dawes@XFree86.org
	   Marc Evans	      marc@XFree86.org
	   Pascal Haible      haible@izfm.uni-stuttgart.de
	   Matthieu Herrb     Matthieu.Herrb@laas.fr
	   Dirk Hohndel	      hohndel@XFree86.org
	   David Holland      davidh@use.com
	   Alan Hourihane     alanh@fairlite.demon.co.uk
	   Jeffrey Hsu	      hsu@soda.berkeley.edu
	   Glenn Lai	      glenn@cs.utexas.edu
	   Ted Lemon	      mellon@ncd.com
	   Rich Murphey	      rich@XFree86.org
	   Hans Nasten	      nasten@everyware.se
	   Mark Snitily	      mark@sgcs.com
	   Randy Terbush      randyt@cse.unl.edu
	   Jon Tombs	      tombs@XFree86.org
	   Kees Verstoep      versto@cs.vu.nl
	   Paul Vixie	      paul@vix.com
	   Mark Weaver	      Mark_Weaver@brown.edu
	   David Wexelblat    dwex@XFree86.org
	   Philip Wheatley    Philip.Wheatley@ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM
	   Thomas Wolfram     wolf@prz.tu-berlin.de
	   Orest Zborowski    orestz@eskimo.com

       Xorg  source  is	 available from the FTP server <ftp://ftp.x.org/>, and
       from the X.org server <http://www.freedesktop.org/cvs/>.	 Documentation
       and   other   information   can	be  found  from	 the  X.org  web  site
       <http://www.x.org/>.


LEGAL
       Xorg is copyright software, provided under licenses that permit modifi-
       cation  and redistribution in source and binary form without fee.  Xorg
       is copyright by numerous	 authors  and  contributors  from  around  the
       world.	Licensing  information	can  be	 found	at <http://www.x.org>.
       Refer to the source code for specific copyright notices.

       XFree86(TM) is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc.

       X11(TM) and X Window System(TM) are trademarks of The Open Group.



X Version 11		       xorg-server 1.1.1		      Xorg(1x)