ACCT(5)			   Linux Programmer's Manual		       ACCT(5)



NAME
       acct - process accounting file

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/acct.h>

DESCRIPTION
       If the kernel is built with the process accounting option enabled (CON-
       FIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT), then calling acct(2) starts process  accounting,
       for example:

	   acct("/var/log/pacct");

       When  process  accounting is enabled, the kernel writes a record to the
       accounting file as each process on the system terminates.  This	record
       contains	 information  about  the terminated process, and is defined in
       <sys/acct.h> as follows:

	   #define ACCT_COMM 16

	   typedef u_int16_t comp_t;

	   struct acct {
	       char ac_flag;	       /* Accounting flags */
	       u_int16_t ac_uid;       /* Accounting user ID */
	       u_int16_t ac_gid;       /* Accounting group ID */
	       u_int16_t ac_tty;       /* Controlling terminal */
	       u_int32_t ac_btime;     /* Process creation time
					  (seconds since the Epoch) */
	       comp_t	 ac_utime;     /* User CPU time */
	       comp_t	 ac_stime;     /* System CPU time */
	       comp_t	 ac_etime;     /* Elapsed time */
	       comp_t	 ac_mem;       /* Average memory usage (kB) */
	       comp_t	 ac_io;	       /* Characters transferred (unused) */
	       comp_t	 ac_rw;	       /* Blocks read or written (unused) */
	       comp_t	 ac_minflt;    /* Minor page faults */
	       comp_t	 ac_majflt;    /* Major page faults */
	       comp_t	 ac_swaps;     /* Number of swaps (unused) */
	       u_int32_t ac_exitcode;  /* Process termination status
					  (see wait(2)) */
	       char	 ac_comm[ACCT_COMM+1];
				       /* Command name (basename of last
					  executed command; null-terminated) */
	       char	 ac_pad[X];    /* padding bytes */
	   };

	   enum {	   /* Bits that may be set in ac_flag field */
	       AFORK = 0x01,	       /* Has executed fork, but no exec */
	       ASU   = 0x02,	       /* Used superuser privileges */
	       ACORE = 0x08,	       /* Dumped core */
	       AXSIG = 0x10	       /* Killed by a signal */
	   };

       The comp_t data type is a floating-point value consisting of  a	3-bit,
       base-8  exponent,  and a 13-bit mantissa.  A value, c, of this type can
       be converted to a (long) integer as follows:

	   v = (c & 0x1fff) << (((c >> 13) & 0x7) * 3);

       The ac_utime, ac_stime, and ac_etime  fields  measure  time  in	"clock
       ticks";	divide these values by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) to convert them to
       seconds.

   Version 3 accounting file format
       Since kernel 2.6.8, an optional alternative version of  the  accounting
       file  can  be  produced if the CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT_V3 option is set
       when building the kernel.  With this option is set, the records written
       to  the	accounting  file  contain  additional fields, and the width of
       c_uid and ac_gid fields is widened from 16 to 32 bits (in line with the
       increased  size	of  UID and GIDs in Linux 2.4 and later).  The records
       are defined as follows:

	   struct acct_v3 {
	       char	 ac_flag;      /* Flags */
	       char	 ac_version;   /* Always set to ACCT_VERSION (3) */
	       u_int16_t ac_tty;       /* Controlling terminal */
	       u_int32_t ac_exitcode;  /* Process termination status */
	       u_int32_t ac_uid;       /* Real user ID */
	       u_int32_t ac_gid;       /* Real group ID */
	       u_int32_t ac_pid;       /* Process ID */
	       u_int32_t ac_ppid;      /* Parent process ID */
	       u_int32_t ac_btime;     /* Process creation time */
	       float	 ac_etime;     /* Elapsed time */
	       comp_t	 ac_utime;     /* User CPU time */
	       comp_t	 ac_stime;     /* System time */
	       comp_t	 ac_mem;       /* Average memory usage (kB) */
	       comp_t	 ac_io;	       /* Characters transferred (unused) */
	       comp_t	 ac_rw;	       /* Blocks read or written
					  (unused) */
	       comp_t	 ac_minflt;    /* Minor page faults */
	       comp_t	 ac_majflt;    /* Major page faults */
	       comp_t	 ac_swaps;     /* Number of swaps (unused) */
	       char	 ac_comm[ACCT_COMM]; /* Command name */
	   };

VERSIONS
       The acct_v3 structure is defined in glibc since version 2.6.

CONFORMING TO
       Process accounting originated on BSD.  Although it is present  on  most
       systems,	 it is not standardized, and the details vary somewhat between
       systems.

NOTES
       Records in the accounting file are ordered by termination time  of  the
       process.

       In  kernels  up to and including 2.6.9, a separate accounting record is
       written for each thread created using the NPTL threading library; since
       Linux  2.6.10,  a  single  accounting  record is written for the entire
       process on termination of the last thread in the process.

       The proc/sys/kernel/acct file, described in proc(5),  defines  settings
       that  control  the  behavior of process accounting when disk space runs
       low.

SEE ALSO
       lastcomm(1), acct(2), accton(8), sa(8)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 4.10 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest	 version    of	  this	  page,	   can	   be	  found	    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.



Linux				  2008-06-15			       ACCT(5)