ERRNO(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		      ERRNO(3)



NAME
       errno - number of last error

SYNOPSIS
       #include <errno.h>

DESCRIPTION
       The  <errno.h> header file defines the integer variable errno, which is
       set by system calls and some library functions in the event of an error
       to  indicate  what  went wrong.	Its value is significant only when the
       return value of the call indicated an error (i.e., -1 from most	system
       calls;  -1  or  NULL from most library functions); a function that suc-
       ceeds is allowed to change errno.

       Valid error numbers are all nonzero; errno is never set to zero by  any
       system call or library function.

       For  some system calls and library functions (e.g., getpriority(2)), -1
       is a valid return on success.  In such cases, a successful  return  can
       be  distinguished  from an error return by setting errno to zero before
       the call, and then, if the call returns a status that indicates that an
       error may have occurred, checking to see if errno has a nonzero value.

       errno  is  defined  by  the ISO C standard to be a modifiable lvalue of
       type int, and must not be explicitly declared; errno may	 be  a	macro.
       errno  is  thread-local;	 setting  it in one thread does not affect its
       value in any other thread.

       All the error names specified by POSIX.1	 must  have  distinct  values,
       with the exception of EAGAIN and EWOULDBLOCK, which may be the same.

       Below  is a list of the symbolic error names that are defined on Linux.
       Some of these are marked POSIX.1, indicating that the name  is  defined
       by POSIX.1-2001, or C99, indicating that the name is defined by C99.

       E2BIG	       Argument list too long (POSIX.1).

       EACCES	       Permission denied (POSIX.1).

       EADDRINUSE      Address already in use (POSIX.1).

       EADDRNOTAVAIL   Address not available (POSIX.1).

       EAFNOSUPPORT    Address family not supported (POSIX.1).

       EAGAIN	       Resource temporarily unavailable (may be the same value
		       as EWOULDBLOCK) (POSIX.1).

       EALREADY	       Connection already in progress (POSIX.1).

       EBADE	       Invalid exchange.

       EBADF	       Bad file descriptor (POSIX.1).

       EBADFD	       File descriptor in bad state.

       EBADMSG	       Bad message (POSIX.1).

       EBADR	       Invalid request descriptor.

       EBADRQC	       Invalid request code.

       EBADSLT	       Invalid slot.

       EBUSY	       Device or resource busy (POSIX.1).

       ECANCELED       Operation canceled (POSIX.1).

       ECHILD	       No child processes (POSIX.1).

       ECHRNG	       Channel number out of range.

       ECOMM	       Communication error on send.

       ECONNABORTED    Connection aborted (POSIX.1).

       ECONNREFUSED    Connection refused (POSIX.1).

       ECONNRESET      Connection reset (POSIX.1).

       EDEADLK	       Resource deadlock avoided (POSIX.1).

       EDEADLOCK       Synonym for EDEADLK.

       EDESTADDRREQ    Destination address required (POSIX.1).

       EDOM	       Mathematics  argument  out  of	domain	 of   function
		       (POSIX.1, C99).

       EDQUOT	       Disk quota exceeded (POSIX.1).

       EEXIST	       File exists (POSIX.1).

       EFAULT	       Bad address (POSIX.1).

       EFBIG	       File too large (POSIX.1).

       EHOSTDOWN       Host is down.

       EHOSTUNREACH    Host is unreachable (POSIX.1).

       EIDRM	       Identifier removed (POSIX.1).

       EILSEQ	       Invalid	or  incomplete	multibyte  or  wide  character
		       (POSIX.1, C99).

		       The text shown here is the glibc error description;  in
		       POSIX.1,	 this  error  is  described  as	 "Illegal byte
		       sequence".

       EINPROGRESS     Operation in progress (POSIX.1).

       EINTR	       Interrupted function call (POSIX.1); see signal(7).

       EINVAL	       Invalid argument (POSIX.1).

       EIO	       Input/output error (POSIX.1).

       EISCONN	       Socket is connected (POSIX.1).

       EISDIR	       Is a directory (POSIX.1).

       EISNAM	       Is a named type file.

       EKEYEXPIRED     Key has expired.

       EKEYREJECTED    Key was rejected by service.

       EKEYREVOKED     Key has been revoked.

       EL2HLT	       Level 2 halted.

       EL2NSYNC	       Level 2 not synchronized.

       EL3HLT	       Level 3 halted.

       EL3RST	       Level 3 halted.

       ELIBACC	       Cannot access a needed shared library.

       ELIBBAD	       Accessing a corrupted shared library.

       ELIBMAX	       Attempting to link in too many shared libraries.

       ELIBSCN	       .lib section in a.out corrupted

       ELIBEXEC	       Cannot exec a shared library directly.

       ELOOP	       Too many levels of symbolic links (POSIX.1).

       EMEDIUMTYPE     Wrong medium type.

       EMFILE	       Too many open  files  (POSIX.1).	  Commonly  caused  by
		       exceeding the RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit described in
		       getrlimit(2).

       EMLINK	       Too many links (POSIX.1).

       EMSGSIZE	       Message too long (POSIX.1).

       EMULTIHOP       Multihop attempted (POSIX.1).

       ENAMETOOLONG    Filename too long (POSIX.1).

       ENETDOWN	       Network is down (POSIX.1).

       ENETRESET       Connection aborted by network (POSIX.1).

       ENETUNREACH     Network unreachable (POSIX.1).

       ENFILE	       Too many open files in  system  (POSIX.1).   On	Linux,
		       this   is   probably   a	 result	 of  encountering  the
		       /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit (see proc(5)).

       ENOBUFS	       No  buffer  space  available  (POSIX.1	(XSI   STREAMS
		       option)).

       ENODATA	       No  message  is available on the STREAM head read queue
		       (POSIX.1).

       ENODEV	       No such device (POSIX.1).

       ENOENT	       No such file or directory (POSIX.1).

		       Typically, this error results when a specified pathname
		       does  not exist, or one of the components in the direc-
		       tory prefix of a pathname does not exist, or the speci-
		       fied pathname is a dangling symbolic link.

       ENOEXEC	       Exec format error (POSIX.1).

       ENOKEY	       Required key not available.

       ENOLCK	       No locks available (POSIX.1).

       ENOLINK	       Link has been severed (POSIX.1).

       ENOMEDIUM       No medium found.

       ENOMEM	       Not enough space (POSIX.1).

       ENOMSG	       No message of the desired type (POSIX.1).

       ENONET	       Machine is not on the network.

       ENOPKG	       Package not installed.

       ENOPROTOOPT     Protocol not available (POSIX.1).

       ENOSPC	       No space left on device (POSIX.1).

       ENOSR	       No STREAM resources (POSIX.1 (XSI STREAMS option)).

       ENOSTR	       Not a STREAM (POSIX.1 (XSI STREAMS option)).

       ENOSYS	       Function not implemented (POSIX.1).

       ENOTBLK	       Block device required.

       ENOTCONN	       The socket is not connected (POSIX.1).

       ENOTDIR	       Not a directory (POSIX.1).

       ENOTEMPTY       Directory not empty (POSIX.1).

       ENOTSOCK	       Not a socket (POSIX.1).

       ENOTSUP	       Operation not supported (POSIX.1).

       ENOTTY	       Inappropriate I/O control operation (POSIX.1).

       ENOTUNIQ	       Name not unique on network.

       ENXIO	       No such device or address (POSIX.1).

       EOPNOTSUPP      Operation not supported on socket (POSIX.1).

		       (ENOTSUP	 and  EOPNOTSUPP have the same value on Linux,
		       but according to POSIX.1 these error values  should  be
		       distinct.)

       EOVERFLOW       Value too large to be stored in data type (POSIX.1).

       EPERM	       Operation not permitted (POSIX.1).

       EPFNOSUPPORT    Protocol family not supported.

       EPIPE	       Broken pipe (POSIX.1).

       EPROTO	       Protocol error (POSIX.1).

       EPROTONOSUPPORT Protocol not supported (POSIX.1).

       EPROTOTYPE      Protocol wrong type for socket (POSIX.1).

       ERANGE	       Result too large (POSIX.1, C99).

       EREMCHG	       Remote address changed.

       EREMOTE	       Object is remote.

       EREMOTEIO       Remote I/O error.

       ERESTART	       Interrupted system call should be restarted.

       EROFS	       Read-only filesystem (POSIX.1).

       ESHUTDOWN       Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown.

       ESPIPE	       Invalid seek (POSIX.1).

       ESOCKTNOSUPPORT Socket type not supported.

       ESRCH	       No such process (POSIX.1).

       ESTALE	       Stale file handle (POSIX.1).

		       This error can occur for NFS and for other filesystems.

       ESTRPIPE	       Streams pipe error.

       ETIME	       Timer expired.  (POSIX.1 (XSI STREAMS option))

		       (POSIX.1 says "STREAM ioctl(2) timeout")

       ETIMEDOUT       Connection timed out (POSIX.1).

       ETXTBSY	       Text file busy (POSIX.1).

       EUCLEAN	       Structure needs cleaning.

       EUNATCH	       Protocol driver not attached.

       EUSERS	       Too many users.

       EWOULDBLOCK     Operation  would	 block	(may  be same value as EAGAIN)
		       (POSIX.1).

       EXDEV	       Improper link (POSIX.1).

       EXFULL	       Exchange full.

NOTES
       A common mistake is to do

	   if (somecall() == -1) {
	       printf("somecall() failed\n");
	       if (errno == ...) { ... }
	   }

       where errno no longer needs to have the value it had upon  return  from
       somecall()  (i.e.,  it may have been changed by the printf(3)).	If the
       value of errno should be preserved across a library call,  it  must  be
       saved:

	   if (somecall() == -1) {
	       int errsv = errno;
	       printf("somecall() failed\n");
	       if (errsv == ...) { ... }
	   }

       It  was common in traditional C to declare errno manually (i.e., extern
       int errno) instead of including <errno.h>.  Do not do  this.   It  will
       not work with modern versions of the C library.	However, on (very) old
       UNIX systems, there may be no <errno.h> and the declaration is needed.

SEE ALSO
       errno(1), err(3), error(3), perror(3), strerror(3)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 4.10 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest	 version    of	  this	  page,	   can	   be	  found	    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.



				  2016-12-12			      ERRNO(3)