MYSQLD_MULTI(1)		     MySQL Database System	       MYSQLD_MULTI(1)



NAME
       mysqld_multi - manage multiple MySQL servers

SYNOPSIS
       mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR] ...]

DESCRIPTION
       mysqld_multi is designed to manage several mysqld processes that listen
       for connections on different Unix socket files and TCP/IP ports. It can
       start or stop servers, or report their current status.

       mysqld_multi searches for groups named [mysqldN] in my.cnf (or in the
       file named by the --defaults-file option).  N can be any positive
       integer. This number is referred to in the following discussion as the
       option group number, or GNR. Group numbers distinguish option groups
       from one another and are used as arguments to mysqld_multi to specify
       which servers you want to start, stop, or obtain a status report for.
       Options listed in these groups are the same that you would use in the
       [mysqld] group used for starting mysqld. (See, for example,
       Section 2.10.5, "Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically".) However,
       when using multiple servers, it is necessary that each one use its own
       value for options such as the Unix socket file and TCP/IP port number.
       For more information on which options must be unique per server in a
       multiple-server environment, see Section 5.6, "Running Multiple MySQL
       Instances on One Machine".

       To invoke mysqld_multi, use the following syntax:

	   shell> mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR] ...]

       start, stop, and report indicate which operation to perform. You can
       perform the designated operation for a single server or multiple
       servers, depending on the GNR list that follows the option name. If
       there is no list, mysqld_multi performs the operation for all servers
       in the option file.

       Each GNR value represents an option group number or range of group
       numbers. The value should be the number at the end of the group name in
       the option file. For example, the GNR for a group named [mysqld17] is
       17. To specify a range of numbers, separate the first and last numbers
       by a dash. The GNR value 10-13 represents groups [mysqld10] through
       [mysqld13]. Multiple groups or group ranges can be specified on the
       command line, separated by commas. There must be no whitespace
       characters (spaces or tabs) in the GNR list; anything after a
       whitespace character is ignored.

       This command starts a single server using option group [mysqld17]:

	   shell> mysqld_multi start 17

       This command stops several servers, using option groups [mysqld8] and
       [mysqld10] through [mysqld13]:

	   shell> mysqld_multi stop 8,10-13

       For an example of how you might set up an option file, use this
       command:

	   shell> mysqld_multi --example

       mysqld_multi searches for option files as follows:

       o   With --no-defaults, no option files are read.

       o   With --defaults-file=file_name, only the named file is read.

       o   Otherwise, option files in the standard list of locations are read,
	   including any file named by the --defaults-extra-file=file_name
	   option, if one is given. (If the option is given multiple times,
	   the last value is used.)

       Option files read are searched for [mysqld_multi] and [mysqldN] option
       groups. The [mysqld_multi] group can be used for options to
       mysqld_multi itself.  [mysqldN] groups can be used for options passed
       to specific mysqld instances.

       The [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] groups can be used for common options
       read by all instances of mysqld or mysqld_safe. You can specify a
       --defaults-file=file_name option to use a different configuration file
       for that instance, in which case the [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] groups
       from that file will be used for that instance.

       mysqld_multi supports the following options.

       o   --help

	   Display a help message and exit.

       o   --config-file=file_name

	   This option is deprecated. If given, it is treated the same way as
	   --defaults-extra-file, described earlier.  --config-file was
	   removed in MySQL 5.5.3.

       o   --example

	   Display a sample option file.

       o   --log=file_name

	   Specify the name of the log file. If the file exists, log output is
	   appended to it.

       o   --mysqladmin=prog_name

	   The mysqladmin binary to be used to stop servers.

       o   --mysqld=prog_name

	   The mysqld binary to be used. Note that you can specify mysqld_safe
	   as the value for this option also. If you use mysqld_safe to start
	   the server, you can include the mysqld or ledir options in the
	   corresponding [mysqldN] option group. These options indicate the
	   name of the server that mysqld_safe should start and the path name
	   of the directory where the server is located. (See the descriptions
	   for these options in mysqld_safe(1).) Example:

	       [mysqld38]
	       mysqld = mysqld-debug
	       ledir  = /opt/local/mysql/libexec

       o   --no-log

	   Print log information to stdout rather than to the log file. By
	   default, output goes to the log file.

       o   --password=password

	   The password of the MySQL account to use when invoking mysqladmin.
	   The password value is not optional for this option, unlike for
	   other MySQL programs.

       o   --silent

	   Silent mode; disable warnings.

       o   --tcp-ip

	   Connect to each MySQL server through the TCP/IP port instead of the
	   Unix socket file. (If a socket file is missing, the server might
	   still be running, but accessible only through the TCP/IP port.) By
	   default, connections are made using the Unix socket file. This
	   option affects stop and report operations.

       o   --user=user_name

	   The user name of the MySQL account to use when invoking mysqladmin.

       o   --verbose

	   Be more verbose.

       o   --version

	   Display version information and exit.

       Some notes about mysqld_multi:

       o   Most important: Before using mysqld_multi be sure that you
	   understand the meanings of the options that are passed to the
	   mysqld servers and why you would want to have separate mysqld
	   processes. Beware of the dangers of using multiple mysqld servers
	   with the same data directory. Use separate data directories, unless
	   you know what you are doing. Starting multiple servers with the
	   same data directory does not give you extra performance in a
	   threaded system. See Section 5.6, "Running Multiple MySQL Instances
	   on One Machine".

	       Important
	       Make sure that the data directory for each server is fully
	       accessible to the Unix account that the specific mysqld process
	       is started as.  Do not use the Unix root account for this,
	       unless you know what you are doing. See Section 6.1.5, "How to
	       Run MySQL as a Normal User".

       o   Make sure that the MySQL account used for stopping the mysqld
	   servers (with the mysqladmin program) has the same user name and
	   password for each server. Also, make sure that the account has the
	   SHUTDOWN privilege. If the servers that you want to manage have
	   different user names or passwords for the administrative accounts,
	   you might want to create an account on each server that has the
	   same user name and password. For example, you might set up a common
	   multi_admin account by executing the following commands for each
	   server:

	       shell> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
	       Enter password:
	       mysql> CREATE USER 'multi_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'multipass';
	       mysql> GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'multi_admin'@'localhost';

	   See Section 6.2, "The MySQL Access Privilege System". You have to
	   do this for each mysqld server. Change the connection parameters
	   appropriately when connecting to each one. Note that the host name
	   part of the account name must permit you to connect as multi_admin
	   from the host where you want to run mysqld_multi.

       o   The Unix socket file and the TCP/IP port number must be different
	   for every mysqld. (Alternatively, if the host has multiple network
	   addresses, you can use --bind-address to cause different servers to
	   listen to different interfaces.)

       o   The --pid-file option is very important if you are using
	   mysqld_safe to start mysqld (for example, --mysqld=mysqld_safe)
	   Every mysqld should have its own process ID file. The advantage of
	   using mysqld_safe instead of mysqld is that mysqld_safe monitors
	   its mysqld process and restarts it if the process terminates due to
	   a signal sent using kill -9 or for other reasons, such as a
	   segmentation fault.

       o   You might want to use the --user option for mysqld, but to do this
	   you need to run the mysqld_multi script as the Unix superuser
	   (root). Having the option in the option file doesn't matter; you
	   just get a warning if you are not the superuser and the mysqld
	   processes are started under your own Unix account.

       The following example shows how you might set up an option file for use
       with mysqld_multi. The order in which the mysqld programs are started
       or stopped depends on the order in which they appear in the option
       file. Group numbers need not form an unbroken sequence. The first and
       fifth [mysqldN] groups were intentionally omitted from the example to
       illustrate that you can have "gaps" in the option file. This gives you
       more flexibility.

	   # This is an example of a my.cnf file for mysqld_multi.
	   # Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf
	   [mysqld_multi]
	   mysqld     = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
	   mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
	   user	      = multi_admin
	   password   = my_password
	   [mysqld2]
	   socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
	   port	      = 3307
	   pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data2/hostname.pid2
	   datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data2
	   language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english
	   user	      = unix_user1
	   [mysqld3]
	   mysqld     = /path/to/mysqld_safe
	   ledir      = /path/to/mysqld-binary/
	   mysqladmin = /path/to/mysqladmin
	   socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
	   port	      = 3308
	   pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data3/hostname.pid3
	   datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data3
	   language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/swedish
	   user	      = unix_user2
	   [mysqld4]
	   socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
	   port	      = 3309
	   pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data4/hostname.pid4
	   datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data4
	   language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/estonia
	   user	      = unix_user3
	   [mysqld6]
	   socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
	   port	      = 3311
	   pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data6/hostname.pid6
	   datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data6
	   language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/japanese
	   user	      = unix_user4

       See Section 4.2.6, "Using Option Files".

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights
       reserved.

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
       modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
       published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
       but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
       General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
       with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
       51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see
       http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.


SEE ALSO
       For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which
       may already be installed locally and which is also available online at
       http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

AUTHOR
       Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).



MySQL 5.5			  08/28/2018		       MYSQLD_MULTI(1)