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ZIP(1L)								       ZIP(1L)



NAME
       zip - package and compress (archive) files

SYNOPSIS
       zip  [-aABcdDeEfFghjklLmoqrRSTuvVwXyz!@$] [--longoption ...]  [-b path]
       [-n suffixes] [-t date] [-tt date] [zipfile [file ...]]	[-xi list]

       zipcloak (see separate man page)

       zipnote (see separate man page)

       zipsplit (see separate man page)

       Note:  Command line processing in zip has been changed to support  long
       options	and  handle all options and arguments more consistently.  Some
       old command lines that depend on command line  inconsistencies  may  no
       longer work.

DESCRIPTION
       zip  is	a compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS,
       OS/2, Windows 9x/NT/XP, Minix, Atari, Macintosh, Amiga, and Acorn  RISC
       OS.   It	 is analogous to a combination of the Unix commands tar(1) and
       compress(1) and is compatible with PKZIP (Phil  Katz's  ZIP  for	 MSDOS
       systems).

       A  companion  program  (unzip(1L))  unpacks  zip archives.  The zip and
       unzip(1L) programs can work with archives produced by PKZIP (supporting
       most PKZIP features up to PKZIP version 4.6), and PKZIP and PKUNZIP can
       work with archives produced  by	zip  (with  some  exceptions,  notably
       streamed	 archives,  but	 recent	 changes  in the zip file standard may
       facilitate better compatibility).  zip version 3.0 is  compatible  with
       PKZIP  2.04  and	 also supports the Zip64 extensions of PKZIP 4.5 which
       allow archives as well as files to exceed the previous 2 GB limit (4 GB
       in  some	 cases).  zip also now supports bzip2 compression if the bzip2
       library is included when zip is compiled.  Note that PKUNZIP 1.10  can-
       not extract files produced by PKZIP 2.04 or zip 3.0. You must use PKUN-
       ZIP 2.04g or unzip 5.0p1 (or later versions) to extract them.

       See the EXAMPLES section at the bottom of this  page  for  examples  of
       some typical uses of zip.

       Large Archives and Zip64.   zip automatically uses the Zip64 extensions
       when files larger than 4 GB are added to an archive,  an	 archive  con-
       taining	Zip64 entries is updated (if the resulting archive still needs
       Zip64), the size of the archive will exceed 4 GB, or when the number of
       entries	in  the archive will exceed about 64K.	Zip64 is also used for
       archives streamed from standard input as the size of such archives  are
       not  known  in advance, but the option -fz- can be used to force zip to
       create PKZIP 2 compatible archives (as long as Zip64 extensions are not
       needed).	  You must use a PKZIP 4.5 compatible unzip, such as unzip 6.0
       or later, to extract files using the Zip64 extensions.

       In addition, streamed archives, entries encrypted with standard encryp-
       tion,  or  split archives created with the pause option may not be com-
       patible with PKZIP as data descriptors are used and PKZIP at  the  time
       of  this	 writing does not support data descriptors (but recent changes
       in the PKWare published zip standard now include some support  for  the
       data descriptor format zip uses).


       Mac  OS	X.   Though  previous Mac versions had their own zip port, zip
       supports Mac OS X as part of the	 Unix  port  and  most	Unix  features
       apply.	References  to "MacOS" below generally refer to MacOS versions
       older than OS X.	 Support for some Mac OS features in the Unix Mac OS X
       port, such as resource forks, is expected in the next zip release.


       For  a  brief  help  on	zip and unzip, run each without specifying any
       parameters on the command line.


USE
       The program is useful for packaging a set of  files  for	 distribution;
       for archiving files; and for saving disk space by temporarily compress-
       ing unused files or directories.

       The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip ar-
       chive,  along  with information about the files (name, path, date, time
       of last modification, protection, and check information to verify  file
       integrity).  An entire directory structure can be packed into a zip ar-
       chive with a single command.  Compression ratios of 2:1 to 3:1 are com-
       mon for text files.  zip has one compression method (deflation) and can
       also store files without compression.  (If bzip2 support is added,  zip
       can  also  compress using bzip2 compression, but such entries require a
       reasonably modern unzip	to  decompress.	  When	bzip2  compression  is
       selected,  it replaces deflation as the default method.)	 zip automati-
       cally chooses the better of the two (deflation or store or, if bzip2 is
       selected, bzip2 or store) for each file to be compressed.

       Command format.	The basic command format is

	      zip options archive inpath inpath ...

       where  archive  is a new or existing zip archive and inpath is a direc-
       tory or file path optionally including wildcards.  When given the  name
       of  an existing zip archive, zip will replace identically named entries
       in the zip archive (matching the relative names as stored  in  the  ar-
       chive)  or  add	entries for new names.	For example, if foo.zip exists
       and contains foo/file1 and foo/file2, and the  directory	 foo  contains
       the files foo/file1 and foo/file3, then:

	      zip -r foo.zip foo

       or more concisely

	      zip -r foo foo

       will  replace foo/file1 in foo.zip and add foo/file3 to foo.zip.	 After
       this,  foo.zip  contains	 foo/file1,  foo/file2,	 and  foo/file3,  with
       foo/file2 unchanged from before.

       So if before the zip command is executed foo.zip has:

	       foo/file1 foo/file2

       and directory foo has:

	       file1 file3

       then foo.zip will have:

	       foo/file1 foo/file2 foo/file3

       where foo/file1 is replaced and foo/file3 is new.

       -@ file lists.	If  a file list is specified as -@ [Not on MacOS], zip
       takes the list of input files from standard input instead of  from  the
       command line.  For example,

	      zip -@ foo

       will store the files listed one per line on stdin in foo.zip.

       Under  Unix,  this option can be used to powerful effect in conjunction
       with the find (1) command.  For example, to archive all	the  C	source
       files in the current directory and its subdirectories:

	      find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@

       (note  that the pattern must be quoted to keep the shell from expanding
       it).

       Streaming input and output.  zip will also accept a single  dash	 ("-")
       as the zip file name, in which case it will write the zip file to stan-
       dard output, allowing the output to be piped to	another	 program.  For
       example:

	      zip -r - . | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

       would  write the zip output directly to a tape with the specified block
       size for the purpose of backing up the current directory.

       zip also accepts a single dash ("-") as the name of a file to  be  com-
       pressed,	 in  which  case  it  will  read the file from standard input,
       allowing zip to take input from another program. For example:

	      tar cf - . | zip backup -

       would compress the output of the tar command for the purpose of backing
       up  the	current	 directory. This generally produces better compression
       than the previous example using the -r  option  because	zip  can  take
       advantage of redundancy between files. The backup can be restored using
       the command

	      unzip -p backup | tar xf -

       When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal,  zip  acts
       as  a filter, compressing standard input to standard output.  For exam-
       ple,

	      tar cf - . | zip | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

       is equivalent to

	      tar cf - . | zip - - | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

       zip archives created in this manner can be extracted with  the  program
       funzip  which  is  provided in the unzip package, or by gunzip which is
       provided in the gzip package (but some gunzip may not support  this  if
       zip used the Zip64 extensions). For example:

	      dd if=/dev/nrst0	ibs=16k | funzip | tar xvf -

       The stream can also be saved to a file and unzip used.

       If  Zip64  support  for	large files and archives is enabled and zip is
       used as a filter, zip creates a Zip64 archive that requires a PKZIP 4.5
       or  later compatible unzip to read it.  This is to avoid amgibuities in
       the zip file structure as defined in the current zip  standard  (PKWARE
       AppNote)	 where	the decision to use Zip64 needs to be made before data
       is written for the entry, but for a stream the size of the data is  not
       known at that point.  If the data is known to be smaller than 4 GB, the
       option -fz- can be used to prevent use of Zip64, but zip will exit with
       an  error if Zip64 was in fact needed.  zip 3 and unzip 6 and later can
       read archives with Zip64 entries.  Also, zip removes the	 Zip64	exten-
       sions  if  not  needed  when  archive  entries  are  copied (see the -U
       (--copy) option).

       When directing the output to another file, note that all options should
       be before the redirection including -x.	For example:

	      zip archive "*.h" "*.c" -x donotinclude.h orthis.h > tofile

       Zip files.   When  changing  an	existing zip archive, zip will write a
       temporary file with the new contents, and only replace the old one when
       the  process  of	 creating  the	new version has been completed without
       error.

       If the name of the zip archive  does  not  contain  an  extension,  the
       extension  .zip	is  added.  If	the name already contains an extension
       other than .zip, the existing extension is  kept	 unchanged.   However,
       split  archives	(archives  split over multiple files) require the .zip
       extension on the last split.

       Scanning and reading files.  When zip starts, it	 scans	for  files  to
       process	(if  needed).  If this scan takes longer than about 5 seconds,
       zip will display	 a  "Scanning  files"  message	and  start  displaying
       progress	 dots  every  2	 seconds  or  every so many entries processed,
       whichever takes longer.	If there is more than 2 seconds	 between  dots
       it  could indicate that finding each file is taking time and could mean
       a slow network connection for example.  (Actually the initial file scan
       is  a  two-step	process where the directory scan is followed by a sort
       and these two steps are separated with a space in the dots.  If	updat-
       ing an existing archive, a space also appears between the existing file
       scan and the new file scan.)  The scanning  files  dots	are  not  con-
       trolled	by the -ds dot size option, but the dots are turned off by the
       -q quiet option.	 The -sf show files option can be  used	 to  scan  for
       files  and  get	the  list of files scanned without actually processing
       them.

       If zip is not able to read a file, it issues a warning  but  continues.
       See  the -MM option below for more on how zip handles patterns that are
       not matched and files that  are	not  readable.	 If  some  files  were
       skipped, a warning is issued at the end of the zip operation noting how
       many files were read and how many skipped.

       Command modes.  zip now supports two distinct types of  command	modes,
       external	 and  internal.	 The external modes (add, update, and freshen)
       read files from the file system (as well as from an  existing  archive)
       while  the  internal  modes  (delete  and  copy) operate exclusively on
       entries in an existing archive.

       add
	      Update existing entries and add new files.  If the archive  does
	      not exist create it.  This is the default mode.

       update (-u)
	      Update  existing entries if newer on the file system and add new
	      files.  If the archive does not exist issue warning then	create
	      a new archive.

       freshen (-f)
	      Update  existing entries of an archive if newer on the file sys-
	      tem.  Does not add new files to the archive.

       delete (-d)
	      Select entries in an existing archive and delete them.

       copy (-U)
	      Select entries in an existing archive and copy them to a new ar-
	      chive.  This new mode is similar to update but command line pat-
	      terns select entries in the existing archive rather  than	 files
	      from  the	 file system and it uses the --out option to write the
	      resulting archive to a new file rather than update the  existing
	      archive, leaving the original archive unchanged.

       The new File Sync option (-FS) is also considered a new mode, though it
       is similar to update.  This mode	 synchronizes  the  archive  with  the
       files  on  the OS, only replacing files in the archive if the file time
       or size of the OS file is different, adding  new	 files,	 and  deleting
       entries from the archive where there is no matching file.  As this mode
       can delete entries from the archive, consider making a backup  copy  of
       the archive.

       Also see -DF for creating difference archives.

       See  each option description below for details and the EXAMPLES section
       below for examples.

       Split archives.	zip version 3.0 and later can create  split  archives.
       A  split	 archive  is a standard zip archive split over multiple files.
       (Note that split archives are not just archives split in to pieces,  as
       the  offsets of entries are now based on the start of each split.  Con-
       catenating the pieces together will invalidate these offsets, but unzip
       can  usually  deal  with it.  zip will usually refuse to process such a
       spliced archive unless the -FF fix option is used to fix the offsets.)

       One use of split archives is storing a large archive on multiple remov-
       able media.  For a split archive with 20 split files the files are typ-
       ically named (replace ARCHIVE  with  the	 name  of  your	 archive)  AR-
       CHIVE.z01,  ARCHIVE.z02,	 ..., ARCHIVE.z19, ARCHIVE.zip.	 Note that the
       last file is the .zip file.  In	contrast,  spanned  archives  are  the
       original	 multi-disk archive generally requiring floppy disks and using
       volume labels to store disk numbers.  zip supports split	 archives  but
       not  spanned  archives,	though a procedure exists for converting split
       archives of the right size to spanned archives.	The  reverse  is  also
       true,  where  each  file of a spanned archive can be copied in order to
       files with the above names to create a split archive.

       Use -s to set the split size and create a split archive.	 The  size  is
       given as a number followed optionally by one of k (kB), m (MB), g (GB),
       or t (TB) (the default is m).  The -sp option can be used to pause  zip
       between splits to allow changing removable media, for example, but read
       the descriptions and warnings for both -s and -sp below.

       Though zip does not update split archives, zip provides the new	option
       -O  (--output-file  or --out) to allow split archives to be updated and
       saved in a new archive.	For example,

	      zip inarchive.zip foo.c bar.c --out outarchive.zip

       reads archive inarchive.zip, even if split, adds the  files  foo.c  and
       bar.c,  and  writes  the resulting archive to outarchive.zip.  If inar-
       chive.zip is split then outarchive.zip defaults to the same split size.
       Be  aware  that	if outarchive.zip and any split files that are created
       with it already exist, these are always overwritten as  needed  without
       warning.	 This may be changed in the future.

       Unicode.	  Though the zip standard requires storing paths in an archive
       using a specific character set, in practice zips have stored  paths  in
       archives in whatever the local character set is.	 This creates problems
       when an archive is created or updated on a system using	one  character
       set  and	 then  extracted on another system using a different character
       set.  When compiled with Unicode support enabled on platforms that sup-
       port wide characters, zip now stores, in addition to the standard local
       path for backward compatibility, the UTF-8  translation	of  the	 path.
       This  provides  a common universal character set for storing paths that
       allows these paths to be fully extracted on other systems that  support
       Unicode and to match as close as possible on systems that don't.

       On  Win32 systems where paths are internally stored as Unicode but rep-
       resented in the local character set, it's possible that some paths will
       be  skipped during a local character set directory scan.	 zip with Uni-
       code support now can read and store these paths.	 Note that Win 9x sys-
       tems and FAT file systems don't fully support Unicode.

       Be aware that console windows on Win32 and Unix, for example, sometimes
       don't accurately show all characters due to how each  operating	system
       switches	 in character sets for display.	 However, directory navigation
       tools should show the correct paths if the needed fonts are loaded.

       Command line format.  This version of zip has updated command line pro-
       cessing and support for long options.

       Short options take the form

	      -s[-][s[-]...][value][=value][ value]

       where  s	 is  a one or two character short option.  A short option that
       takes a value is last in an argument and anything after it is taken  as
       the  value.   If	 the option can be negated and "-" immediately follows
       the option, the option is negated.  Short options can also be given  as
       separate arguments

	      -s[-][value][=value][ value] -s[-][value][=value][ value] ...

       Short  options  in general take values either as part of the same argu-
       ment or as the following argument.  An optional =  is  also  supported.
       So

	      -ttmmddyyyy

       and

	      -tt=mmddyyyy

       and

	      -tt mmddyyyy

       all  work.   The	 -x  and  -i  options accept lists of values and use a
       slightly different format described below.  See the -x and -i options.

       Long options take the form

	      --longoption[-][=value][ value]

       where the option starts with --, has a multicharacter name, can include
       a  trailing  dash to negate the option (if the option supports it), and
       can have a value (option argument) specified by preceeding  it  with  =
       (no spaces).  Values can also follow the argument.  So

	      --before-date=mmddyyyy

       and

	      --before-date mmddyyyy

       both work.

       Long option names can be shortened to the shortest unique abbreviation.
       See the option descriptions below for which support long	 options.   To
       avoid confusion, avoid abbreviating a negatable option with an embedded
       dash ("-") at the dash if you plan to negate it (the parser would  con-
       sider  a	 trailing  dash,  such	as  for the option --some-option using
       --some- as the option, as part of  the  name  rather  than  a  negating
       dash).	This  may  be  changed to force the last dash in --some- to be
       negating in the future.

OPTIONS
       -a
       --ascii
	      [Systems using EBCDIC] Translate file to ASCII format.


       -A
       --adjust-sfx
	      Adjust self-extracting executable	 archive.   A  self-extracting
	      executable  archive  is created by prepending the SFX stub to an
	      existing archive. The -A option tells zip to  adjust  the	 entry
	      offsets  stored in the archive to take into account this "pream-
	      ble" data.

       Note: self-extracting archives for the Amiga are a  special  case.   At
       present, only the Amiga port of zip is capable of adjusting or updating
       these without corrupting them. -J can be used to remove the SFX stub if
       other updates need to be made.


       -AC
       --archive-clear
	      [WIN32]	Once  archive  is  created  (and tested if -T is used,
	      which is recommended), clear the	archive	 bits  of  files  pro-
	      cessed.	WARNING:  Once	the bits are cleared they are cleared.
	      You may want to use the -sf show files option to store the  list
	      of  files	 processed  in	case  the  archive  operation  must be
	      repeated.	 Also consider using the -MM must  match  option.   Be
	      sure to check out -DF as a possibly better way to do incremental
	      backups.


       -AS
       --archive-set
	      [WIN32]  Only include files  that	 have  the  archive  bit  set.
	      Directories  are	not stored when -AS is used, though by default
	      the paths of entries, including directories, are stored as usual
	      and can be used by most unzips to recreate directories.

	      The  archive  bit	 is set by the operating system when a file is
	      modified and, if used with -AC, -AS can provide  an  incremental
	      backup  capability.   However, other applications can modify the
	      archive bit and it may not be  a	reliable  indicator  of	 which
	      files  have  changed since the last archive operation.  Alterna-
	      tive ways to create incremental backups are using -t to use file
	      dates,  though  this won't catch old files copied to directories
	      being archived, and -DF to create a differential archive.


       -B
       --binary
	      [VM/CMS and MVS] force file to be read binary (default is text).


       -Bn    [TANDEM] set Edit/Enscribe formatting options with n defined as
	      bit  0: Don't add delimiter (Edit/Enscribe)
	      bit  1: Use LF rather than CR/LF as delimiter (Edit/Enscribe)
	      bit  2: Space fill record to maximum record length (Enscribe)
	      bit  3: Trim trailing space (Enscribe)
	      bit  8: Force 30K (Expand) large read for unstructured files


       -b path
       --temp-path path
	      Use the specified path for the temporary zip archive. For	 exam-
	      ple:

		     zip -b /tmp stuff *

	      will  put the temporary zip archive in the directory /tmp, copy-
	      ing over stuff.zip to the	 current  directory  when  done.  This
	      option  is useful when updating an existing archive and the file
	      system containing this old archive does not have enough space to
	      hold both old and new archives at the same time.	It may also be
	      useful when streaming in some cases to avoid the need  for  data
	      descriptors.   Note  that using this option may require zip take
	      additional time to copy the archive file when done to the desti-
	      nation file system.


       -c
       --entry-comments
	      Add  one-line  comments for each file.  File operations (adding,
	      updating) are done first, and the user is then  prompted	for  a
	      one-line	comment	 for each file.	 Enter the comment followed by
	      return, or just return for no comment.


       -C
       --preserve-case
	      [VMS]  Preserve case all on VMS.	 Negating  this	 option	 (-C-)
	      downcases.


       -C2
       --preserve-case-2
	      [VMS]   Preserve	case ODS2 on VMS.  Negating this option (-C2-)
	      downcases.


       -C5
       --preserve-case-5
	      [VMS]  Preserve case ODS5 on VMS.	 Negating this	option	(-C5-)
	      downcases.


       -d
       --delete
	      Remove (delete) entries from a zip archive.  For example:

		     zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/\* \*.o

	      will  remove the entry foo/tom/junk, all of the files that start
	      with foo/harry/, and all of the files that end with .o  (in  any
	      path).   Note  that  shell pathname expansion has been inhibited
	      with backslashes, so that zip can see  the  asterisks,  enabling
	      zip  to  match on the contents of the zip archive instead of the
	      contents of the current directory.   (The	 backslashes  are  not
	      used  on	MSDOS-based platforms.)	 Can also use quotes to escape
	      the asterisks as in

		     zip -d foo foo/tom/junk "foo/harry/*" "*.o"

	      Not escaping the asterisks on a system where the	shell  expands
	      wildcards	 could	result	in  the asterisks being converted to a
	      list of files in the current directory and  that	list  used  to
	      delete entries from the archive.

	      Under  MSDOS,  -d is case sensitive when it matches names in the
	      zip archive.  This requires that file names be entered in	 upper
	      case  if they were zipped by PKZIP on an MSDOS system.  (We con-
	      sidered making this case insensitive on systems where paths were
	      case  insensitive,  but  it  is possible the archive came from a
	      system where case does matter and the archive could include both
	      Bar  and bar as separate files in the archive.)  But see the new
	      option -ic to ignore case in the archive.


       -db
       --display-bytes
	      Display running byte counts showing the  bytes  zipped  and  the
	      bytes to go.


       -dc
       --display-counts
	      Display running count of entries zipped and entries to go.


       -dd
       --display-dots
	      Display  dots  while  each entry is zipped (except on ports that
	      have their own progress indicator).  See -ds below  for  setting
	      dot  size.   The default is a dot every 10 MB of input file pro-
	      cessed.  The -v option also displays dots (previously at a  much
	      higher  rate  than  this	but now -v also defaults to 10 MB) and
	      this rate is also controlled by -ds.


       -df
       --datafork
	      [MacOS] Include only data-fork of files zipped into the archive.
	      Good   for   exporting   files   to  foreign  operating-systems.
	      Resource-forks will be ignored at all.


       -dg
       --display-globaldots
	      Display progress dots for the archive instead of for each	 file.
	      The command

			 zip -qdgds 10m

	      will turn off most output except dots every 10 MB.


       -ds size
       --dot-size size
	      Set  amount of input file processed for each dot displayed.  See
	      -dd to enable displaying dots.  Setting this option implies -dd.
	      Size  is	in the format nm where n is a number and m is a multi-
	      plier.  Currently m can be k (KB), m (MB), g (GB), or t (TB), so
	      if n is 100 and m is k, size would be 100k which is 100 KB.  The
	      default is 10 MB.

	      The -v option also displays dots and now defaults to 10 MB also.
	      This  rate is also controlled by this option.  A size of 0 turns
	      dots off.

	      This option does not control the dots from the "Scanning	files"
	      message  as zip scans for input files.  The dot size for that is
	      fixed at 2 seconds or a fixed number of  entries,	 whichever  is
	      longer.


       -du
       --display-usize
	      Display the uncompressed size of each entry.


       -dv
       --display-volume
	      Display  the volume (disk) number each entry is being read from,
	      if reading an existing archive, and being written to.


       -D
       --no-dir-entries
	      Do not create  entries  in  the  zip  archive  for  directories.
	      Directory	  entries   are	 created  by  default  so  that	 their
	      attributes can be saved in the  zip  archive.   The  environment
	      variable	ZIPOPT	can be used to change the default options. For
	      example under Unix with sh:

		     ZIPOPT="-D"; export ZIPOPT

	      (The variable ZIPOPT can be used for any	option,	 including  -i
	      and -x using a new option format detailed below, and can include
	      several options.) The option -D is a shorthand for -x  "*/"  but
	      the  latter previously could not be set as default in the ZIPOPT
	      environment variable as the contents  of	ZIPOPT	gets  inserted
	      near  the beginning of the command line and the file list had to
	      end at the end of the line.

	      This version of zip does allow -x and -i options	in  ZIPOPT  if
	      the form

	       -x file file ... @

	      is used, where the @ (an argument that is just @) terminates the
	      list.


       -DF
       --difference-archive
	      Create an archive that contains all new and changed files	 since
	      the  original  archive was created.  For this to work, the input
	      file list and current directory must be the same as  during  the
	      original zip operation.

	      For example, if the existing archive was created using

		     zip -r foofull .

	      from the bar directory, then the command

		     zip -r foofull . -DF --out foonew

	      also from the bar directory creates the archive foonew with just
	      the files not in foofull and the files where the	size  or  file
	      time of the files do not match those in foofull.

	      Note  that  the  timezone	 environment variable TZ should be set
	      according to the local timezone in order for this option to work
	      correctly.   A change in timezone since the original archive was
	      created could result in no times matching and  all  files	 being
	      included.

	      A possible approach to backing up a directory might be to create
	      a normal archive of the contents of  the	directory  as  a  full
	      backup, then use this option to create incremental backups.


       -e
       --encrypt
	      Encrypt  the  contents of the zip archive using a password which
	      is entered on the terminal in response to a  prompt  (this  will
	      not  be  echoed;	if  standard error is not a tty, zip will exit
	      with an error).  The password prompt is  repeated	 to  save  the
	      user from typing errors.


       -E
       --longnames
	      [OS/2]  Use the .LONGNAME Extended Attribute (if found) as file-
	      name.


       -f
       --freshen
	      Replace (freshen) an existing entry in the zip archive  only  if
	      it  has  been modified more recently than the version already in
	      the zip archive; unlike the update option (-u) this will not add
	      files that are not already in the zip archive.  For example:

		     zip -f foo

	      This  command  should  be run from the same directory from which
	      the original zip command was run, since paths stored in zip  ar-
	      chives are always relative.

	      Note  that  the  timezone	 environment variable TZ should be set
	      according to the local timezone in order for the -f, -u  and  -o
	      options to work correctly.

	      The  reasons behind this are somewhat subtle but have to do with
	      the differences between the Unix-format file  times  (always  in
	      GMT) and most of the other operating systems (always local time)
	      and the necessity to compare the two.  A	typical	 TZ  value  is
	      ``MET-1MEST''  (Middle  European	time with automatic adjustment
	      for ``summertime'' or Daylight Savings Time).

	      The format is TTThhDDD, where TTT is the time zone such as  MET,
	      hh  is  the  difference  between	GMT  and local time such as -1
	      above, and DDD is the time zone when daylight savings time is in
	      effect.  Leave off the DDD if there is no daylight savings time.
	      For the US Eastern time zone EST5EDT.


       -F
       --fix
       -FF
       --fixfix
	      Fix the zip archive. The -F option can be used if some  portions
	      of  the  archive	are  missing, but requires a reasonably intact
	      central directory.  The input archive is scanned as  usual,  but
	      zip  will ignore some problems.  The resulting archive should be
	      valid, but any inconsistent entries will be left out.

	      When doubled as in -FF, the archive is scanned from  the	begin-
	      ning and zip scans for special signatures to identify the limits
	      between the archive members. The single -F is more  reliable  if
	      the archive is not too much damaged, so try this option first.

	      If the archive is too damaged or the end has been truncated, you
	      must use -FF.  This is a change  from  zip 2.32,	where  the  -F
	      option  is  able to read a truncated archive.  The -F option now
	      more reliably fixes archives  with  minor	 damage	 and  the  -FF
	      option is needed to fix archives where -F might have been suffi-
	      cient before.

	      Neither option will recover archives that have been  incorrectly
	      transferred  in  ascii mode instead of binary. After the repair,
	      the -t option of unzip may show that some files have a bad  CRC.
	      Such files cannot be recovered; you can remove them from the ar-
	      chive using the -d option of zip.

	      Note that -FF may have trouble fixing archives that  include  an
	      embedded	zip  archive  that was stored (without compression) in
	      the archive and, depending  on  the  damage,  it	may  find  the
	      entries  in the embedded archive rather than the archive itself.
	      Try -F first as it does not have this problem.

	      The format of the fix commands have changed.   For  example,  to
	      fix the damaged archive foo.zip,

		     zip -F foo --out foofix

	      tries  to read the entries normally, copying good entries to the
	      new archive foofix.zip.  If this doesn't work, as when  the  ar-
	      chive  is	 truncated, or if some entries you know are in the ar-
	      chive are missed, then try

		     zip -FF foo --out foofixfix

	      and compare the resulting archive to the archive created by  -F.
	      The -FF option may create an inconsistent archive.  Depending on
	      what is damaged, you can then use the -F option to fix that  ar-
	      chive.

	      A	 split	archive with missing split files can be fixed using -F
	      if you have the last split of the archive (the .zip  file).   If
	      this file is missing, you must use -FF to fix the archive, which
	      will prompt you for the splits you have.

	      Currently the fix options can't recover entries that have a  bad
	      checksum or are otherwise damaged.


       -FI
       --fifo [Unix]   Normally	 zip  skips  reading  any  FIFOs (named pipes)
	      encountered, as zip can hang if the FIFO is not being fed.  This
	      option tells zip to read the contents of any FIFO it finds.


       -FS
       --filesync
	      Synchronize the contents of an archive with the files on the OS.
	      Normally when an archive is updated, new	files  are  added  and
	      changed  files are updated but files that no longer exist on the
	      OS are not deleted from the archive.  This option enables a  new
	      mode that checks entries in the archive against the file system.
	      If the file time and file size of the entry matches that of  the
	      OS  file,	 the  entry  is copied from the old archive instead of
	      being read from the file system and compressed.  If the OS  file
	      has  changed, the entry is read and compressed as usual.	If the
	      entry in the archive does not match a file on the OS, the	 entry
	      is  deleted.   Enabling  this option should create archives that
	      are the same as new archives, but	 since	existing  entries  are
	      copied  instead of compressed, updating an existing archive with
	      -FS can be much faster than creating a new archive.   Also  con-
	      sider using -u for updating an archive.

	      For  this option to work, the archive should be updated from the
	      same directory it was created in so the  relative	 paths	match.
	      If  few  files  are being copied from the old archive, it may be
	      faster to create a new archive instead.

	      Note that the timezone environment variable  TZ  should  be  set
	      according to the local timezone in order for this option to work
	      correctly.  A change in timezone since the original archive  was
	      created  could  result in no times matching and recompression of
	      all files.

	      This option deletes files from the archive.  If you need to pre-
	      serve  the original archive, make a copy of the archive first or
	      use the --out option to output the  updated  archive  to	a  new
	      file.  Even though it may be slower, creating a new archive with
	      a new archive name is safer, avoids mismatches  between  archive
	      and OS paths, and is preferred.


       -g
       --grow
	      Grow  (append to) the specified zip archive, instead of creating
	      a new one. If this operation fails, zip attempts to restore  the
	      archive to its original state. If the restoration fails, the ar-
	      chive might  become  corrupted.  This  option  is	 ignored  when
	      there's  no existing archive or when at least one archive member
	      must be updated or deleted.


       -h
       -?
       --help
	      Display the zip help information (this also appears  if  zip  is
	      run with no arguments).


       -h2
       --more-help
	      Display  extended	 help  including  more on command line format,
	      pattern matching, and more obscure options.


       -i files
       --include files
	      Include only the specified files, as in:

		     zip -r foo . -i \*.c

	      which will include only the files that end in .c in the  current
	      directory	 and  its  subdirectories.  (Note for PKZIP users: the
	      equivalent command is

		     pkzip -rP foo *.c

	      PKZIP does not allow recursion in	 directories  other  than  the
	      current one.)  The backslash avoids the shell filename substitu-
	      tion, so that the name matching  is  performed  by  zip  at  all
	      directory	 levels.   [This is for Unix and other systems where \
	      escapes the next character.  For other systems where  the	 shell
	      does not process * do not use \ and the above is

		     zip -r foo . -i *.c

	      Examples	are  for  Unix	unless	otherwise  specified.]	 So to
	      include dir, a directory directly under the  current  directory,
	      use

		     zip -r foo . -i dir/\*

	      or

		     zip -r foo . -i "dir/*"

	      to  match paths such as dir/a and dir/b/file.c [on ports without
	      wildcard expansion in the shell such as MSDOS and Windows

		     zip -r foo . -i dir/*

	      is used.]	 Note that currently the  trailing  /  is  needed  for
	      directories (as in

		     zip -r foo . -i dir/

	      to include directory dir).

	      The long option form of the first example is

		     zip -r foo . --include \*.c

	      and does the same thing as the short option form.

	      Though  the  command syntax used to require -i at the end of the
	      command line, this version actually  allows  -i  (or  --include)
	      anywhere.	  The  list  of	 files terminates at the next argument
	      starting with -, the end of the command line, or the list termi-
	      nator @ (an argument that is just @).  So the above can be given
	      as

		     zip -i \*.c @ -r foo .

	      for example.  There must be a space between the option  and  the
	      first  file of a list.  For just one file you can use the single
	      value form

		     zip -i\*.c -r foo .

	      (no space between option and value) or

		     zip --include=\*.c -r foo .

	      as additional examples.  The single value forms are  not	recom-
	      mended  because  they  can  be confusing and, in particular, the
	      -ifile format can cause problems if the  first  letter  of  file
	      combines	with  i	 to  form a two-letter option starting with i.
	      Use -sc to see how your command line will be parsed.

	      Also possible:

		     zip -r foo	 . -i@include.lst

	      which will only include the files in the current	directory  and
	      its   subdirectories   that  match  the  patterns	 in  the  file
	      include.lst.

	      Files to -i and -x are patterns matching internal archive paths.
	      See -R for more on patterns.


       -I
       --no-image
	      [Acorn  RISC OS] Don't scan through Image files.	When used, zip
	      will not consider Image files (eg. DOS partitions or  Spark  ar-
	      chives  when  SparkFS  is	 loaded) as directories but will store
	      them as single files.

	      For example, if you have SparkFS loaded, zipping a Spark archive
	      will  result  in	a zipfile containing a directory (and its con-
	      tent) while using the 'I' option will result in a	 zipfile  con-
	      taining a Spark archive. Obviously this second case will also be
	      obtained (without the 'I' option) if SparkFS isn't loaded.


       -ic
       --ignore-case
	      [VMS, WIN32] Ignore case when matching  archive  entries.	  This
	      option  is  only available on systems where the case of files is
	      ignored.	On systems with case-insensitive file systems, case is
	      normally	ignored	 when matching files on the file system but is
	      not ignored for -f (freshen), -d (delete), -U (copy), and	 simi-
	      lar  modes  when	matching against archive entries (currently -f
	      ignores case on VMS) because archive entries can be from systems
	      where  case  does	 matter and names that are the same except for
	      case can exist in an archive.  The -ic option makes all matching
	      case  insensitive.   This can result in multiple archive entries
	      matching a command line pattern.


       -j
       --junk-paths
	      Store just the name of a saved file (junk the path), and do  not
	      store  directory names. By default, zip will store the full path
	      (relative to the current directory).


       -jj
       --absolute-path
	      [MacOS] record Fullpath (+ Volname). The complete path including
	      volume  will  be	stored.	 By  default the relative path will be
	      stored.


       -J
       --junk-sfx
	      Strip any prepended data (e.g. a SFX stub) from the archive.

       -k
       --DOS-names
	      Attempt to convert the names and	paths  to  conform  to	MSDOS,
	      store  only  the	MSDOS attribute (just the user write attribute
	      from Unix), and mark the entry as made under MSDOS (even	though
	      it  was  not);  for compatibility with PKUNZIP under MSDOS which
	      cannot handle certain names such as those with two dots.

       -l
       --to-crlf
	      Translate the Unix end-of-line character LF into the MSDOS  con-
	      vention  CR  LF. This option should not be used on binary files.
	      This option can be used on Unix if the zip file is intended  for
	      PKUNZIP  under  MSDOS. If the input files already contain CR LF,
	      this option adds an extra CR. This is to ensure that unzip -a on
	      Unix  will  get back an exact copy of the original file, to undo
	      the effect of zip -l.  See -ll for how binary files are handled.

       -la
       --log-append
	      Append to existing logfile.  Default is to overwrite.

       -lf logfilepath
       --logfile-path logfilepath
	      Open a logfile at the given path.	 By default any existing  file
	      at  that location is overwritten, but the -la option will result
	      in an existing file being opened and  the	 new  log  information
	      appended	to any existing information.  Only warnings and errors
	      are written to the log unless the -li option is also given, then
	      all information messages are also written to the log.

       -li
       --log-info
	      Include  information  messages, such as file names being zipped,
	      in the log.  The default is to only include  the	command	 line,
	      any warnings and errors, and the final status.

       -ll
       --from-crlf
	      Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR LF into Unix LF.  This option
	      should not be used on binary files.  This option can be used  on
	      MSDOS  if the zip file is intended for unzip under Unix.	If the
	      file is converted and the file is later determined to be	binary
	      a warning is issued and the file is probably corrupted.  In this
	      release if -ll detects binary in the first buffer	 read  from  a
	      file,  zip now issues a warning and skips line end conversion on
	      the file.	 This check seems to catch all	binary	files  tested,
	      but  the original check remains and if a converted file is later
	      determined to be binary that warning is  still  issued.	A  new
	      algorithm	 is  now  being	 used for binary detection that should
	      allow line end conversion of text files  in  UTF-8  and  similar
	      encodings.

       -L
       --license
	      Display the zip license.

       -m
       --move
	      Move  the	 specified  files into the zip archive; actually, this
	      deletes the target directories/files after making the  specified
	      zip  archive.  If a directory becomes empty after removal of the
	      files, the directory is also  removed.  No  deletions  are  done
	      until zip has created the archive without error.	This is useful
	      for conserving disk space, but is potentially dangerous so it is
	      recommended to use it in combination with -T to test the archive
	      before removing all input files.

       -MM
       --must-match
	      All input patterns must match at least one file  and  all	 input
	      files  found  must  be readable.	Normally when an input pattern
	      does not match a file the "name not matched" warning  is	issued
	      and  when	 an  input file has been found but later is missing or
	      not readable a missing or not readable warning  is  issued.   In
	      either  case zip continues creating the archive, with missing or
	      unreadable new files being skipped and files already in the  ar-
	      chive remaining unchanged.  After the archive is created, if any
	      files were not readable zip returns the OPEN error code  (18  on
	      most  systems)  instead  of the normal success return (0 on most
	      systems).	 With -MM set, zip exits as soon as an	input  pattern
	      is not matched (whenever the "name not matched" warning would be
	      issued) or when an input file is not readable.  In  either  case
	      zip exits with an OPEN error and no archive is created.

	      This option is useful when a known list of files is to be zipped
	      so any missing or unreadable files will result in an error.   It
	      is less useful when used with wildcards, but zip will still exit
	      with an error if any input pattern doesn't match	at  least  one
	      file  and	 if  any matched files are unreadable.	If you want to
	      create the archive anyway and only need to know  if  files  were
	      skipped, don't use -MM and just check the return code.  Also -lf
	      could be useful.

       -n suffixes
       --suffixes suffixes
	      Do not attempt to compress files named with the given  suffixes.
	      Such  files are simply stored (0% compression) in the output zip
	      file, so that zip doesn't waste  its  time  trying  to  compress
	      them.   The  suffixes  are  separated  by either colons or semi-
	      colons.  For example:

		     zip -rn .Z:.zip:.tiff:.gif:.snd  foo foo

	      will copy everything from foo into foo.zip, but will  store  any
	      files  that end in .Z, .zip, .tiff, .gif, or .snd without trying
	      to compress them (image and sound files  often  have  their  own
	      specialized compression methods).	 By default, zip does not com-
	      press	files	  with	   extensions	  in	 the	  list
	      .Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj.   Such files are stored directly in
	      the output archive.  The environment variable ZIPOPT can be used
	      to change the default options. For example under Unix with csh:

		     setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"

	      To attempt compression on all files, use:

		     zip -n : foo

	      The  maximum  compression option -9 also attempts compression on
	      all files regardless of extension.

	      On Acorn RISC OS systems the suffixes are actually filetypes  (3
	      hex  digit format). By default, zip does not compress files with
	      filetypes in the list DDC:D96:68E (i.e. Archives, CFS files  and
	      PackDir files).

       -nw
       --no-wild
	      Do not perform internal wildcard processing (shell processing of
	      wildcards is still done by the shell unless  the	arguments  are
	      escaped).	  Useful if a list of paths is being read and no wild-
	      card substitution is desired.

       -N
       --notes
	      [Amiga, MacOS] Save Amiga or MacOS  filenotes  as	 zipfile  com-
	      ments.  They can be restored by using the -N option of unzip. If
	      -c is used also, you are prompted for comments  only  for	 those
	      files that do not have filenotes.

       -o
       --latest-time
	      Set  the	"last  modified" time of the zip archive to the latest
	      (oldest) "last modified" time found among the entries in the zip
	      archive.	 This  can  be	used  without any other operations, if
	      desired.	For example:

	      zip -o foo

	      will change the last modified time of foo.zip to the latest time
	      of the entries in foo.zip.

       -O output-file
       --output-file output-file
	      Process  the  archive  changes as usual, but instead of updating
	      the existing archive, output the	new  archive  to  output-file.
	      Useful for updating an archive without changing the existing ar-
	      chive and the input archive must be a different  file  than  the
	      output archive.

	      This  option  can	 be used to create updated split archives.  It
	      can also be used with -U to copy entries from  an	 existing  ar-
	      chive to a new archive.  See the EXAMPLES section below.

	      Another  use  is	converting  zip	 files	from one split size to
	      another.	For instance, to convert an archive  with  700	MB  CD
	      splits to one with 2 GB DVD splits, can use:

		     zip -s 2g cd-split.zip --out dvd-split.zip

	      which uses copy mode.  See -U below.  Also:

		     zip -s 0 split.zip --out unsplit.zip

	      will convert a split archive to a single-file archive.

	      Copy  mode  will	convert stream entries (using data descriptors
	      and which should be  compatible  with  most  unzips)  to	normal
	      entries  (which should be compatible with all unzips), except if
	      standard encryption  was	used.	For  archives  with  encrypted
	      entries,	zipcloak  will decrypt the entries and convert them to
	      normal entries.

       -p
       --paths
	      Include relative file paths as part of the names of files stored
	      in  the  archive.	 This is the default.  The -j option junks the
	      paths and just stores the names of the files.

       -P password
       --password password
	      Use password to encrypt zipfile entries (if any).	 THIS IS INSE-
	      CURE!   Many  multi-user	operating systems provide ways for any
	      user to see the current command line of any other user; even  on
	      stand-alone  systems  there  is  always  the threat of over-the-
	      shoulder peeking.	 Storing the plaintext password as part	 of  a
	      command  line  in	 an  automated script is even worse.  Whenever
	      possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter pass-
	      words.   (And  where  security  is  truly	 important, use strong
	      encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively
	      weak standard encryption provided by zipfile utilities.)

       -q
       --quiet
	      Quiet   mode;   eliminate	 informational	messages  and  comment
	      prompts.	(Useful, for example, in shell scripts and  background
	      tasks).

       -Qn
       --Q-flag n
	      [QDOS]  store information about the file in the file header with
	      n defined as
	      bit  0: Don't add headers for any file
	      bit  1: Add headers for all files
	      bit  2: Don't wait for interactive key press on exit

       -r
       --recurse-paths
	      Travel the directory structure recursively; for example:

		     zip -r foo.zip foo

	      or more concisely

		     zip -r foo foo

	      In this case, all the files and directories in foo are saved  in
	      a zip archive named foo.zip, including files with names starting
	      with ".", since the recursion does not use the shell's file-name
	      substitution  mechanism.	If you wish to include only a specific
	      subset of the files in directory foo and its subdirectories, use
	      the  -i  option  to specify the pattern of files to be included.
	      You should not use -r with the name  ".*",  since	 that  matches
	      ".."   which will attempt to zip up the parent directory (proba-
	      bly not what was intended).

	      Multiple source directories are allowed as in

		     zip -r foo foo1 foo2

	      which first zips up foo1 and then foo2, going down  each	direc-
	      tory.

	      Note  that  while	 wildcards  to -r are typically resolved while
	      recursing down directories in the file system, any -R,  -x,  and
	      -i  wildcards are applied to internal archive pathnames once the
	      directories are scanned.	To have wildcards apply	 to  files  in
	      subdirectories  when recursing on Unix and similar systems where
	      the shell does wildcard substitution, either  escape  all	 wild-
	      cards  or put all arguments with wildcards in quotes.  This lets
	      zip see the wildcards and match files  in	 subdirectories	 using
	      them as it recurses.

       -R
       --recurse-patterns
	      Travel  the directory structure recursively starting at the cur-
	      rent directory; for example:

		     zip -R foo "*.c"

	      In this case, all the files matching *.c in the tree starting at
	      the  current  directory  are  stored  into  a  zip archive named
	      foo.zip.	Note that *.c will match file.c, a/file.c and  a/b/.c.
	      More than one pattern can be listed as separate arguments.  Note
	      for PKZIP users: the equivalent command is

		     pkzip -rP foo *.c

	      Patterns are relative file paths as they appear in the  archive,
	      or  will after zipping, and can have optional wildcards in them.
	      For example, given the current directory is foo and under it are
	      directories foo1 and foo2 and in foo1 is the file bar.c,

		     zip -R foo/*

	      will zip up foo, foo/foo1, foo/foo1/bar.c, and foo/foo2.

		     zip -R */bar.c

	      will  zip	 up  foo/foo1/bar.c.   See the note for -r on escaping
	      wildcards.


       -RE
       --regex
	      [WIN32]  Before zip 3.0, regular expression  list	 matching  was
	      enabled  by  default on Windows platforms.  Because of confusion
	      resulting from the need to escape "[" and "]" in	names,	it  is
	      now  off	by  default for Windows so "[" and "]" are just normal
	      characters in names.  This option enables [] matching again.


       -s splitsize
       --split-size splitsize
	      Enable creating a split archive and set the split size.  A split
	      archive  is  an archive that could be split over many files.  As
	      the archive is created, if the size of the archive  reaches  the
	      specified	 split	size,  that split is closed and the next split
	      opened.  In general all splits but the last will	be  the	 split
	      size  and	 the last will be whatever is left.  If the entire ar-
	      chive is smaller than the split size a  single-file  archive  is
	      created.

	      Split  archives  are  stored in numbered files.  For example, if
	      the output  archive  is  named  archive  and  three  splits  are
	      required,	 the  resulting archive will be in the three files ar-
	      chive.z01, archive.z02, and archive.zip.	Do not change the num-
	      bering  of  these	 files	or the archive will not be readable as
	      these are used to determine the order the splits are read.

	      Split size is a number  optionally  followed  by	a  multiplier.
	      Currently	 the  number  must  be an integer.  The multiplier can
	      currently be one of k (kilobytes), m (megabytes), g (gigabytes),
	      or  t  (terabytes).   As	64k is the minimum split size, numbers
	      without multipliers default to megabytes.	 For example, to  cre-
	      ate  a  split  archive  called  foo with the contents of the bar
	      directory with splits of 670 MB that might be useful for burning
	      on CDs, the command:

		     zip -s 670m -r foo bar

	      could be used.

	      Currently	 the  old  splits  of a split archive are not excluded
	      from a new archive, but they can be specifically	excluded.   If
	      possible,	 keep  the  input  and output archives out of the path
	      being zipped when creating split archives.

	      Using -s without -sp as above creates all the splits  where  foo
	      is  being	 written,  in  this  case the current directory.  This
	      split mode updates the splits as the archive is  being  created,
	      requiring	 all  splits to remain writable, but creates split ar-
	      chives that are readable by any unzip that  supports  split  ar-
	      chives.	See  -sp  below	 for  enabling	split pause mode which
	      allows splits to be written directly to removable media.

	      The option -sv can be used to enable verbose splitting and  pro-
	      vide details of how the splitting is being done.	The -sb option
	      can be used to ring the bell when zip pauses for the next	 split
	      destination.

	      Split  archives cannot be updated, but see the -O (--out) option
	      for how a split archive can be updated as it is copied to a  new
	      archive.	 A  split archive can also be converted into a single-
	      file archive using a split size of 0 or negating the -s option:

		     zip -s 0 split.zip --out single.zip

	      Also see -U (--copy) for more on using copy mode.

       -sb
       --split-bell
	      If splitting and using split pause mode, ring the bell when  zip
	      pauses for each split destination.

       -sc
       --show-command
	      Show  the	 command line starting zip as processed and exit.  The
	      new command parser permutes the arguments, putting  all  options
	      and  any values associated with them before any non-option argu-
	      ments.  This allows an option to appear anywhere in the  command
	      line  as	long as any values that go with the option go with it.
	      This option displays the command line as zip sees it,  including
	      any arguments from the environment such as from the ZIPOPT vari-
	      able.  Where allowed, options later  in  the  command  line  can
	      override options earlier in the command line.

       -sf
       --show-files
	      Show  the	 files	that  would  be	 operated  on, then exit.  For
	      instance, if creating a new archive, this will  list  the	 files
	      that  would  be  added.	If the option is negated, -sf-, output
	      only to an open log file.	 Screen display is not recommended for
	      large lists.

       -so
       --show-options
	      Show  all	 available options supported by zip as compiled on the
	      current system.  As this command	reads  the  option  table,  it
	      should include all options.  Each line includes the short option
	      (if defined), the long option (if defined), the  format  of  any
	      value  that  goes with the option, if the option can be negated,
	      and a small description.	The value  format  can	be  no	value,
	      required	value,	optional value, single character value, number
	      value, or a list of values.  The output of this  option  is  not
	      intended	to  show  how  to  use	any  option but only show what
	      options are available.

       -sp
       --split-pause
	      If splitting is enabled with -s, enable split pause mode.	  This
	      creates split archives as -s does, but stream writing is used so
	      each split can be closed as soon as it is written and  zip  will
	      pause  between each split to allow changing split destination or
	      media.

	      Though this split mode allows writing splits directly to	remov-
	      able  media, it uses stream archive format that may not be read-
	      able by some unzips.  Before relying on splits created with -sp,
	      test a split archive with the unzip you will be using.

	      To  convert a stream split archive (created with -sp) to a stan-
	      dard archive see the --out option.

       -su
       --show-unicode
	      As -sf, but also show Unicode version of the path if exists.

       -sU
       --show-just-unicode
	      As -sf, but only show Unicode version of	the  path  if  exists,
	      otherwise show the standard version of the path.

       -sv
       --split-verbose
	      Enable various verbose messages while splitting, showing how the
	      splitting is being done.

       -S
       --system-hidden
	      [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32 and ATARI] Include system and hidden files.
	      [MacOS] Includes finder invisible files, which are ignored  oth-
	      erwise.

       -t mmddyyyy
       --from-date mmddyyyy
	      Do  not  operate	on files modified prior to the specified date,
	      where mm is the month (00-12),  dd  is  the  day	of  the	 month
	      (01-31),	and  yyyy  is  the  year.   The	 ISO 8601  date format
	      yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted.  For example:

		     zip -rt 12071991 infamy foo

		     zip -rt 1991-12-07 infamy foo

	      will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories  that  were
	      last  modified  on  or after 7 December 1991, to the zip archive
	      infamy.zip.

       -tt mmddyyyy
       --before-date mmddyyyy
	      Do not operate on files modified after or at the specified date,
	      where  mm	 is  the  month	 (00-12),  dd  is the day of the month
	      (01-31), and  yyyy  is  the  year.   The	ISO 8601  date	format
	      yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted.  For example:

		     zip -rtt 11301995 infamy foo

		     zip -rtt 1995-11-30 infamy foo

	      will  add	 all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were
	      last modified before  30	November  1995,	 to  the  zip  archive
	      infamy.zip.

       -T
       --test
	      Test  the integrity of the new zip file. If the check fails, the
	      old zip file is unchanged and (with  the	-m  option)  no	 input
	      files are removed.

       -TT cmd
       --unzip-command cmd
	      Use  command cmd instead of 'unzip -tqq' to test an archive when
	      the -T option is used.  On Unix, to use a copy of unzip  in  the
	      current  directory  instead  of the standard system unzip, could
	      use:

	       zip archive file1 file2 -T -TT "./unzip -tqq"

	      In cmd, {} is replaced by the name  of  the  temporary  archive,
	      otherwise	 the name of the archive is appended to the end of the
	      command.	The return code is checked for success (0 on Unix).

       -u
       --update
	      Replace (update) an existing entry in the zip archive only if it
	      has  been modified more recently than the version already in the
	      zip archive.  For example:

		     zip -u stuff *

	      will add any new files in the current directory, and update  any
	      files  which  have been modified since the zip archive stuff.zip
	      was last created/modified (note that zip will not	 try  to  pack
	      stuff.zip into itself when you do this).

	      Note  that  the -u option with no input file arguments acts like
	      the -f (freshen) option.

       -U
       --copy-entries
	      Copy entries from one archive to another.	  Requires  the	 --out
	      option  to  specify  a  different output file than the input ar-
	      chive.  Copy mode is the reverse of -d delete.  When  delete  is
	      being used with --out, the selected entries are deleted from the
	      archive and all other entries are copied	to  the	 new  archive,
	      while copy mode selects the files to include in the new archive.
	      Unlike -u update, input patterns on the command line are matched
	      against archive entries only and not the file system files.  For
	      instance,

		     zip inarchive "*.c" --copy --out outarchive

	      copies entries with names ending in .c from  inarchive  to  out-
	      archive.	 The  wildcard must be escaped on some systems to pre-
	      vent the shell from substituting names of files  from  the  file
	      system  which  may  have	no relevance to the entries in the ar-
	      chive.

	      If no input files appear on the command line and --out is	 used,
	      copy mode is assumed:

		     zip inarchive --out outarchive

	      This is useful for changing split size for instance.  Encrypting
	      and decrypting entries is not yet	 supported  using  copy	 mode.
	      Use zipcloak for that.

       -UN v
       --unicode v
	      Determine	 what zip should do with Unicode file names.  zip 3.0,
	      in addition to the standard file path, now  includes  the	 UTF-8
	      translation  of the path if the entry path is not entirely 7-bit
	      ASCII.  When an entry is missing the Unicode path,  zip  reverts
	      back  to	the  standard  file  path.  The problem with using the
	      standard path is this path is in the local character set of  the
	      zip  that	 created  the entry, which may contain characters that
	      are not valid in the character set  being	 used  by  the	unzip.
	      When  zip	 is reading an archive, if an entry also has a Unicode
	      path, zip now defaults to using the Unicode path to recreate the
	      standard path using the current local character set.

	      This  option  can	 be  used to determine what zip should do with
	      this path if there is a mismatch	between	 the  stored  standard
	      path and the stored UTF-8 path (which can happen if the standard
	      path was updated).  In all cases, if there is a mismatch	it  is
	      assumed  that  the  standard  path  is more current and zip uses
	      that.  Values for v are

		     q - quit if paths do not match

		     w - warn, continue with standard path

		     i - ignore, continue with standard path

		     n - no Unicode, do not use Unicode paths

	      The default is to warn and continue.

	      Characters that are not valid in the current character  set  are
	      escaped  as  #Uxxxx  and #Lxxxxxx, where x is an ASCII character
	      for a hex digit.	The first is used if a 16-bit character number
	      is  sufficient to represent the Unicode character and the second
	      if the character needs more than 16 bits to represent it's  Uni-
	      code character code.  Setting -UN to

		     e - escape

	      as in

		     zip archive -sU -UN=e

	      forces zip to escape all characters that are not printable 7-bit
	      ASCII.

	      Normally zip stores UTF-8 directly in the standard path field on
	      systems  where UTF-8 is the current character set and stores the
	      UTF-8 in the new extra fields otherwise.	The option

		     u - UTF-8

	      as in

		     zip archive dir -r -UN=UTF8

	      forces zip to store UTF-8 as native in the archive.   Note  that
	      storing  UTF-8 directly is the default on Unix systems that sup-
	      port it.	This option could be useful on Windows	systems	 where
	      the  escaped  path is too large to be a valid path and the UTF-8
	      version of the path is smaller, but native UTF-8 is not backward
	      compatible on Windows systems.


       -v
       --verbose
	      Verbose mode or print diagnostic version info.

	      Normally,	 when  applied to real operations, this option enables
	      the display of a progress indicator during compression (see  -dd
	      for  more	 on  dots)  and requests verbose diagnostic info about
	      zipfile structure oddities.

	      However, when -v is the only command line argument a  diagnostic
	      screen  is printed instead.  This should now work even if stdout
	      is redirected to a file, allowing easy saving of the information
	      for  sending  with  bug reports to Info-ZIP.  The version screen
	      provides the help screen header with program name, version,  and
	      release  date,  some pointers to the Info-ZIP home and distribu-
	      tion sites, and shows information about the  target  environment
	      (compiler type and version, OS version, compilation date and the
	      enabled optional features used to create the zip executable).

       -V
       --VMS-portable
	      [VMS] Save VMS file attributes.  (Files are  truncated at	 EOF.)
	      When  a  -V  archive is unpacked on a non-VMS system,  some file
	      types (notably Stream_LF text  files   and   pure	 binary	 files
	      like  fixed-512)	should be extracted intact.  Indexed files and
	      file types with embedded record sizes  (notably  variable-length
	      record types) will probably be seen as corrupt elsewhere.

       -VV
       --VMS-specific
	      [VMS]  Save  VMS file attributes, and  all allocated blocks in a
	      file,  including	any  data beyond EOF.  Useful for moving  ill-
	      formed  files   among   VMS  systems.    When  a	-VV archive is
	      unpacked on a non-VMS system, almost all files will appear  cor-
	      rupt.

       -w
       --VMS-versions
	      [VMS]  Append  the  version  number  of  the  files to the name,
	      including multiple versions of files.  Default is	 to  use  only
	      the most recent version of a specified file.

       -ww
       --VMS-dot-versions
	      [VMS]  Append  the  version  number  of  the  files to the name,
	      including multiple versions of files,  using  the	 .nnn  format.
	      Default  is  to  use only the most recent version of a specified
	      file.

       -ws
       --wild-stop-dirs
	      Wildcards match only at a directory level.  Normally zip handles
	      paths as strings and given the paths

		     /foo/bar/dir/file1.c

		     /foo/bar/file2.c

	      an input pattern such as

		     /foo/bar/*

	      normally	would match both paths, the * matching dir/file1.c and
	      file2.c.	Note that in the first case a directory	 boundary  (/)
	      was  crossed in the match.  With -ws no directory bounds will be
	      included in the match, making  wildcards	local  to  a  specific
	      directory	 level.	  So,  with  -ws enabled, only the second path
	      would be matched.

	      When using -ws, use ** to match across directory boundaries as *
	      does normally.

       -x files
       --exclude files
	      Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:

		     zip -r foo foo -x \*.o

	      which  will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while exclud-
	      ing all the files that end in  .o.   The	backslash  avoids  the
	      shell  filename  substitution, so that the name matching is per-
	      formed by zip at all directory levels.

	      Also possible:

		     zip -r foo foo -x@exclude.lst

	      which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while  exclud-
	      ing   all	 the  files  that  match  the  patterns	 in  the  file
	      exclude.lst.

	      The long option forms of the above are

		     zip -r foo foo --exclude \*.o

	      and

		     zip -r foo foo --exclude @exclude.lst

	      Multiple patterns can be specified, as in:

		     zip -r foo foo -x \*.o \*.c

	      If there is no space between -x and the pattern, just one	 value
	      is assumed (no list):

		     zip -r foo foo -x\*.o

	      See -i for more on include and exclude.

       -X
       --no-extra
	      Do  not save extra file attributes (Extended Attributes on OS/2,
	      uid/gid and file times on Unix).	 The  zip  format  uses	 extra
	      fields  to  include additional information for each entry.  Some
	      extra fields are specific to particular systems while others are
	      applicable to all systems.  Normally when zip reads entries from
	      an existing archive, it reads the extra fields it knows,	strips
	      the  rest,  and adds the extra fields applicable to that system.
	      With -X, zip strips all old fields and only includes the Unicode
	      and  Zip64 extra fields (currently these two extra fields cannot
	      be disabled).

	      Negating this  option,  -X-,  includes  all  the	default	 extra
	      fields, but also copies over any unrecognized extra fields.

       -y
       --symlinks
	      For  UNIX and VMS (V8.3 and later), store symbolic links as such
	      in the zip archive, instead of compressing and storing the  file
	      referred	to  by	the  link.   This can avoid multiple copies of
	      files being included in the archive as zip recurses  the	direc-
	      tory trees and accesses files directly and by links.

       -z
       --archive-comment
	      Prompt for a multi-line comment for the entire zip archive.  The
	      comment is ended by a line containing just a period, or  an  end
	      of file condition (^D on Unix, ^Z on MSDOS, OS/2, and VMS).  The
	      comment can be taken from a file:

		     zip -z foo < foowhat

       -Z cm
       --compression-method cm
	      Set the default compression method.  Currently the main  methods
	      supported	 by zip are store and deflate.	Compression method can
	      be set to:

	      store - Setting the compression method to store  forces  zip  to
	      store  entries  with  no	compression.  This is generally faster
	      than compressing entries, but results in no space savings.  This
	      is the same as using -0 (compression level zero).

	      deflate - This is the default method for zip.  If zip determines
	      that storing is better than deflation, the entry will be	stored
	      instead.

	      bzip2 - If bzip2 support is compiled in, this compression method
	      also becomes available.  Only some modern unzips currently  sup-
	      port the bzip2 compression method, so test the unzip you will be
	      using before relying on archives using this method  (compression
	      method 12).

	      For  example,  to	 add bar.c to archive foo using bzip2 compres-
	      sion:

		     zip -Z bzip2 foo bar.c

	      The compression method can be abbreviated:

		     zip -Zb foo bar.c

       -#
       (-0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9)
	      Regulate the speed of compression using the specified  digit  #,
	      where  -0	 indicates  no compression (store all files), -1 indi-
	      cates the fastest compression speed (less	 compression)  and  -9
	      indicates	 the  slowest  compression speed (optimal compression,
	      ignores the suffix list). The default compression level is -6.

	      Though still being worked, the intention is  this	 setting  will
	      control  compression  speed  for	all compression methods.  Cur-
	      rently only deflation is controlled.

       -!
       --use-privileges
	      [WIN32] Use priviliges (if granted) to  obtain  all  aspects  of
	      WinNT security.

       -@
       --names-stdin
	      Take the list of input files from standard input. Only one file-
	      name per line.

       -$
       --volume-label
	      [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32] Include the	volume	label  for  the	 drive
	      holding the first file to be compressed.	If you want to include
	      only the volume label or to force	 a  specific  drive,  use  the
	      drive name as first file name, as in:

		     zip -$ foo a: c:bar

EXAMPLES
       The simplest example:

	      zip stuff *

       creates the archive stuff.zip (assuming it does not exist) and puts all
       the files in the current directory in it, in compressed form (the  .zip
       suffix  is  added automatically, unless the archive name contains a dot
       already; this allows the explicit specification of other suffixes).

       Because of the way the shell on Unix does filename substitution,	 files
       starting with "." are not included; to include these as well:

	      zip stuff .* *

       Even  this  will not include any subdirectories from the current direc-
       tory.

       To zip up an entire directory, the command:

	      zip -r foo foo

       creates the archive foo.zip, containing all the files  and  directories
       in the directory foo that is contained within the current directory.

       You  may	 want  to  make	 a zip archive that contains the files in foo,
       without recording the directory name, foo.  You can use the  -j	option
       to leave off the paths, as in:

	      zip -j foo foo/*

       If  you are short on disk space, you might not have enough room to hold
       both the original directory and the corresponding  compressed  zip  ar-
       chive.	In this case, you can create the archive in steps using the -m
       option.	If foo contains the subdirectories tom, dick, and  harry,  you
       can:

	      zip -rm foo foo/tom
	      zip -rm foo foo/dick
	      zip -rm foo foo/harry

       where  the  first  command creates foo.zip, and the next two add to it.
       At the completion of each zip command,  the  last  created  archive  is
       deleted, making room for the next zip command to function.




       Use  -s	to set the split size and create a split archive.  The size is
       given as a number followed optionally by one of k (kB), m (MB), g (GB),
       or t (TB).  The command

	      zip -s 2g -r split.zip foo

       creates a split archive of the directory foo with splits no bigger than
       2 GB each.  If foo contained 5 GB of contents  and  the	contents  were
       stored  in  the split archive without compression (to make this example
       simple), this would create three splits, split.z01 at  2 GB,  split.z02
       at 2 GB, and split.zip at a little over 1 GB.

       The  -sp option can be used to pause zip between splits to allow chang-
       ing removable media, for example, but read the descriptions  and	 warn-
       ings for both -s and -sp below.

       Though  zip does not update split archives, zip provides the new option
       -O (--output-file) to allow split archives to be updated and saved in a
       new archive.  For example,

	      zip inarchive.zip foo.c bar.c --out outarchive.zip

       reads  archive  inarchive.zip,  even if split, adds the files foo.c and
       bar.c, and writes the resulting archive to  outarchive.zip.   If	 inar-
       chive.zip is split then outarchive.zip defaults to the same split size.
       Be aware that outarchive.zip and any split files that are created  with
       it  are always overwritten without warning.  This may be changed in the
       future.





PATTERN MATCHING
       This section applies only to Unix.  Watch this  space  for  details  on
       MSDOS  and  VMS	operation.  However, the special wildcard characters *
       and [] below apply to at least MSDOS also.

       The Unix shells (sh, csh, bash, and others) normally do	filename  sub-
       stitution (also called "globbing") on command arguments.	 Generally the
       special characters are:

       ?      match any single character

       *      match any number of characters (including none)

       []     match any character in the range indicated within	 the  brackets
	      (example:	 [a-f], [0-9]).	 This form of wildcard matching allows
	      a user to specify a list of characters between  square  brackets
	      and  if any of the characters match the expression matches.  For
	      example:

		     zip archive "*.[hc]"

	      would archive all files in the current directory that end in  .h
	      or .c.

	      Ranges of characters are supported:

		     zip archive "[a-f]*"

	      would  add  to  the  archive all files starting with "a" through
	      "f".

	      Negation is also supported, where any character in that position
	      not in the list matches.	Negation is supported by adding ! or ^
	      to the beginning of the list:

		     zip archive "*.[!o]"

	      matches files that don't end in ".o".

	      On WIN32, [] matching needs to be turned on with the -RE	option
	      to avoid the confusion that names with [ or ] have caused.


       When  these  characters	are  encountered (without being escaped with a
       backslash or quotes), the shell will look for  files  relative  to  the
       current	path  that  match the pattern, and replace the argument with a
       list of the names that matched.

       The zip program can do the same matching on names that are in  the  zip
       archive	being  modified	 or,  in  the  case  of the -x (exclude) or -i
       (include) options, on the list of files to be  operated	on,  by	 using
       backslashes  or	quotes to tell the shell not to do the name expansion.
       In general, when zip encounters a name in the list of files to  do,  it
       first  looks  for the name in the file system.  If it finds it, it then
       adds it to the list of files to do.  If it does not find it,  it	 looks
       for  the	 name  in the zip archive being modified (if it exists), using
       the pattern matching characters described above, if present.  For  each
       match,  it  will	 add  that  name to the list of files to be processed,
       unless this name matches one given with the  -x	option,	 or  does  not
       match any name given with the -i option.

       The pattern matching includes the path, and so patterns like \*.o match
       names that end in ".o", no matter what the path prefix is.   Note  that
       the  backslash must precede every special character (i.e. ?*[]), or the
       entire argument must be enclosed in double quotes ("").

       In general, use backslashes or double quotes for paths that have	 wild-
       cards  to  make	zip do the pattern matching for file paths, and always
       for paths and strings that have spaces or wildcards for -i, -x, -R, -d,
       and -U and anywhere zip needs to process the wildcards.

ENVIRONMENT
       The  following  environment  variables  are  read  and  used  by zip as
       described.

       ZIPOPT
	      contains default options that will be  used  when	 running  zip.
	      The  contents of this environment variable will get added to the
	      command line just after the zip command.

       ZIP
	      [Not on RISC OS and VMS] see ZIPOPT

       Zip$Options
	      [RISC OS] see ZIPOPT

       Zip$Exts
	      [RISC OS] contains extensions separated by a : that  will	 cause
	      native  filenames	 with  one  of	the specified extensions to be
	      added to the zip file with basename and extension swapped.

       ZIP_OPTS
	      [VMS] see ZIPOPT

SEE ALSO
       compress(1), shar(1L), tar(1), unzip(1L), gzip(1L)

DIAGNOSTICS
       The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by
       PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS:

	      0	     normal; no errors or warnings detected.

	      2	     unexpected end of zip file.

	      3	     a generic error in the zipfile format was detected.  Pro-
		     cessing may have completed successfully anyway; some bro-
		     ken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-
		     arounds.

	      4	     zip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers
		     during program initialization.

	      5	     a	severe error in the zipfile format was detected.  Pro-
		     cessing probably failed immediately.

	      6	     entry too large to be  processed  (such  as  input	 files
		     larger  than  2 GB when not using Zip64 or trying to read
		     an existing archive that is too large) or entry too large
		     to be split with zipsplit

	      7	     invalid comment format

	      8	     zip -T failed or out of memory

	      9	     the user aborted zip prematurely with control-C (or simi-
		     lar)

	      10     zip encountered an error while using a temp file

	      11     read or seek error

	      12     zip has nothing to do

	      13     missing or empty zip file

	      14     error writing to a file

	      15     zip was unable to create a file to write to

	      16     bad command line parameters

	      18     zip could not open a specified file to read

	      19     zip was compiled with options not supported on this  sys-
		     tem

       VMS  interprets	standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-
       looking things, so zip instead maps them into VMS-style	status	codes.
       In  general, zip sets VMS Facility = 1955 (0x07A3), Code = 2* Unix_sta-
       tus, and an appropriate Severity	 (as  specified	 in  ziperr.h).	  More
       details	 are   included	  in   the  VMS-specific  documentation.   See
       [.vms]NOTES.TXT and [.vms]vms_msg_gen.c.

BUGS
       zip 3.0 is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use zip 1.1 to produce zip
       files which can be extracted by PKUNZIP 1.10.

       zip  files  produced by zip 3.0 must not be updated by zip 1.1 or PKZIP
       1.10, if they contain encrypted members or if they have	been  produced
       in a pipe or on a non-seekable device. The old versions of zip or PKZIP
       would create an archive with an incorrect format.  The old versions can
       list the contents of the zip file but cannot extract it anyway (because
       of the new compression algorithm).  If you do not  use  encryption  and
       use regular disk files, you do not have to care about this problem.

       Under  VMS, not all of the odd file formats are treated properly.  Only
       stream-LF format zip files are expected to work with zip.   Others  can
       be  converted  using  Rahul  Dhesi's BILF program.  This version of zip
       handles some of the conversion internally.  When using Kermit to trans-
       fer  zip	 files	from  VMS to MSDOS, type "set file type block" on VMS.
       When transfering from MSDOS to VMS, type "set file type fixed" on  VMS.
       In both cases, type "set file type binary" on MSDOS.

       Under  some  older  VMS	versions, zip may hang for file specifications
       that use DECnet syntax foo::*.*.

       On OS/2, zip cannot match some names, such as those including an excla-
       mation  mark  or a hash sign.  This is a bug in OS/2 itself: the 32-bit
       DosFindFirst/Next don't find such names.	 Other programs	 such  as  GNU
       tar are also affected by this bug.

       Under  OS/2, the amount of Extended Attributes displayed by DIR is (for
       compatibility) the amount returned by the 16-bit version	 of  DosQuery-
       PathInfo().  Otherwise OS/2 1.3 and 2.0 would report different EA sizes
       when DIRing a file.  However, the  structure  layout  returned  by  the
       32-bit  DosQueryPathInfo()  is  a  bit different, it uses extra padding
       bytes and link pointers (it's a linked list)  to	 have  all  fields  on
       4-byte  boundaries for portability to future RISC OS/2 versions. There-
       fore the value reported by zip (which uses this 32-bit-mode size)  dif-
       fers  from  that	 reported  by  DIR.   zip stores the 32-bit format for
       portability, even the 16-bit MS-C-compiled version running on OS/2 1.3,
       so even this one shows the 32-bit-mode size.

AUTHORS
       Copyright (C) 1997-2008 Info-ZIP.

       Currently distributed under the Info-ZIP license.

       Copyright (C) 1990-1997 Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales, Jean-loup Gailly,
       Onno van der Linden, Kai Uwe Rommel, Igor Mandrichenko, John  Bush  and
       Paul Kienitz.

       Original copyright:

       Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy, or
       redistribute this software so long as all of  the  original  files  are
       included,  that	it  is	not  sold  for profit, and that this copyright
       notice is retained.

       LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE, ZIP AND ITS  ASSOCIATED	UTILITIES  ARE
       PROVIDED	 AS IS AND COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
       OR IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE  LIABLE  FOR  ANY
       DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

       Please  send  bug reports and comments using the web page at: www.info-
       zip.org.	 For bug reports, please  include  the	version	 of  zip  (see
       zip -h),	 the make options used to compile it (see zip -v), the machine
       and operating system in use, and as much additional information as pos-
       sible.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
       Thanks  to  R. P. Byrne for his Shrink.Pas program, which inspired this
       project, and from which the shrink algorithm was stolen; to  Phil  Katz
       for  placing in the public domain the zip file format, compression for-
       mat, and .ZIP filename extension, and for accepting  minor  changes  to
       the  file  format; to Steve Burg for clarifications on the deflate for-
       mat; to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis for providing some	useful
       ideas  for  the	compression  algorithm; to Keith Petersen, Rich Wales,
       Hunter Goatley and Mark Adler for providing a mailing list and ftp site
       for  the	 Info-ZIP  group to use; and most importantly, to the Info-ZIP
       group itself (listed in the file infozip.who)  without  whose  tireless
       testing	and bug-fixing efforts a portable zip would not have been pos-
       sible.  Finally we should thank (blame) the first  Info-ZIP  moderator,
       David  Kirschbaum,  for	getting	 us into this mess in the first place.
       The manual page was rewritten for Unix by R. P. C. Rodgers and  updated
       by E. Gordon for zip 3.0.



Info-ZIP		      16 June 2008 (v3.0)		       ZIP(1L)